Bacterial activity in the hind‐gut of pigs

Abstract

Zusammenfassung Die bakterielle Aktivität im Caecum und Colon der Schweine. 2. Der Einfluß auf die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit des Stickstoffes und der Aminosäuren 16 kastrierte männliche Schweine, mit einem Gewicht von 90 kg, wurden in 4 Gruppen eingeteilt und mit einem auf Gerste basierenden Futter mit 25 % Mais‐ oder Kartoffelstärke — mit oder ohne Beigabe des Antibiotikums Nebacitin — gefüttert. Sojaschrot und Fleisch‐Knochenmehl wurden als Proteinbeigabe benutzt und Chromoxyd als Indikator. Die scheinbare Verdaulichkeit vom α‐Amino‐Stickstoff sowie der größte Teil der Aminosäuren im Futter wurden sowohl von der Stärke‐ als auch der Nebacitinzulage sichtlich beeinflußt. Es war zu vermuten, daß diese Wirkungen auf verschiedene Bakterienzellsynthesen im Caecum und Colon im Anschluß an die verschiedenen Fütterungsmaßnahmen zurückzuführen waren. Es wird die Schlußfolgerung gezogen, daß die Hypothese, die in der Methode von Kuiken und Lyman (1948) für die quantitative Bestimmung der Aminosäurenabsorbtion gegeben wird, in Versuchen mit Schweinen nicht unbedingt gültig ist.

Addition of hydrochloric acid to collection bags or collection containers did not change basal endogenous losses or ileal digestibility of amino acid in corn, soybean meal, or wheat middlings fed to growing pigs

“…Dietary protein is digested and absorbed as free AA or small peptides in the small intestine of pigs, but undigested and unabsorbed N and AA are fermented in the hind-gut. Addition of antibiotics to diets fed to pigs reduces N fermentation [ 19 ], which indicates that prevention of microbial fermentation in ileal digesta also prevents the change in AA composition of the ileal digesta of pigs. Because AA are degraded, synthesized, or both degraded and synthesized by microbial fermentation [ 12 ], it was expected that depending of AA, ileal digestibility was increased, decreased, or remained the same if microbial fermentation affects the collected ileal digesta.…”

“…Because microbial fermentation also occurs in the small intestine of pigs [ 2 , 3 , 19 ], stopping microbial action after collection of ileal digesta is necessary. By storing ileal digesta in a −20°C freezer immediately after collection, microbial action can be prevented [ 20 , 21 ].…”

Comparison of methodologies used to define the protein quality of human foods and support regulatory claims

“…First, no significant absorption of AAs occurs in the large intestine of rats, pigs, chickens, and humans. Different proteins and AAs infused into the large intestine of various monogastric animals, including pigs and humans (Columbus et al 2014;Darragh et al 1994;Fuller and Reeds 1998;Fuller 2012;Mason et al 1976;Mason and Palmer 1973;Webb 1990), significantly increases fecal nitrogen excretion, suggesting that nitrogen, but little AA and protein, are absorbed in the large intestine. Second, the capacity for nitrogen absorption in the large intestine is significant.…”

“…An estimated 25%-54% of nitrogen entering the large intestine is of dietary origin. However, 80%-90% of fecal nitrogen output represents bacterial protein (Mason et al 1976;Mason and Palmer 1973). Rutherfurd et al (2015) determined total tract or ileal digestibility of protein of different ingredients in the rat (Fig.…”

Ileal digestibility and endogenous protein losses of milk replacers based on whey proteins alone or with an enzyme-treated soybean meal in young dairy calves

“…Reference AA profiles for estimation of the origin of the different endogenous proteins were selected according to Montagne et al (2000b). The mean AA profile of axenic lamb feces (Combe, 1976) and calf meconium (Grongnet et al, 1981) was used as a reference for the endogenous protein from the calf (host), whereas the mean AA composition of fecal bacteria from pig (Mason et al, 1976) and sheep (Mason, 1979) was used as a reference for endogenous bacterial protein.…”