Bacteriorhodopsin and the purple membrane of halobacteria

Stoeckenius, Walther; Lozier, Richard H.; Bogomolni, Roberto A.

doi:10.1016/0304-4173(79)90006-5

Cited by 910 publications

(449 citation statements)

References 239 publications

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“…Thus, the changed conformation of M-intermediate should slow the rotational motion of the monomer protein or lead the binding between M-intermediate and neighboring proteins. For wild-type bR, whether the protein undergoes the motion in the purple membrane is still an open question [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. For D96N, however, we confirmed that non-excited molecules rotate within the membrane.…”

Section: E57osupporting

confidence: 68%

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The molecular motion of bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N in the purple membrane

et al. 1995

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We measured the flash-induced absorption anisotropies of mutant bacteriorhodopsin (bR), D96N, in the purple membrane suspension. The measured anisotropy decay at 410 nm differed from that at 570 nm. These wavelength-dependent anisotropies show that the motion of absorption dipole of non-excited bR is faster than that of M-intermediate. The motion of nonexcited bR is considered as the rotational motion of whole protein in the purple membrane. This fact suggests that the photo-excitation induces the conformational change of the protein and/or the inter-protein interaction within the membrane, which prevents the motion of M-intermediate.

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Section: E57osupporting

confidence: 68%

“…For detection of the motion, absorption anisotropy becomes a powerful tool. Using this method, however, an absence of the motion of retinal was reported [4][5][6][7][8]. The immobilization of the retinal was explained by the restriction with peptide chains around retinal and the rigid structure of the purple membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The molecular motion of bacteriorhodopsin mutant D96N in the purple membrane

et al. 1995

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“…Some naturally leaderless messages, although lacking a conventional SD-ASD interaction, are highly expressed [e.g. aph (Janssen et al, ᮊ 1998 Blackwell Science Ltd, Molecular Microbiology, 27, 987-1001 1989), bop (Stoekenius et al, 1979), rph (Hoshiko et al, 1988)]; however, little is known of the mRNA features that determine their translational efficiency. If these highly expressed leaderless mRNAs are also translated efficiently, what serves as the translational signal in the absence of the SD that allows them to effectively compete with leadered mRNA for initiating ribosomes?…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An AUG initiation codon, not codon–anticodon complementarity, is required for the translation of unleadered mRNA in Escherichia coli

Etten

Janssen

1998

Molecular Microbiology

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SummaryWe determined the in vivo translational efficiency of 'unleadered' lacZ compared with a conventionally leadered lacZ with and without a Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence in Escherichia coli and found that changing the SD sequence of leadered lacZ from the consensus 5Ј-AGGA-3Ј to 5Ј-UUUU-3Ј results in a 15-fold reduction in translational efficiency; however, removing the leader altogether results in only a twofold reduction. An increase in translation coincident with the removal of the leader lacking a SD sequence suggests the existence of stronger or novel translational signals within the coding sequence in the absence of the leader. We examined, therefore, a change in the translational signals provided by altering the AUG initiation codon to other naturally occurring initiation codons (GUG, UUG, CUG) in the presence and absence of a leader and find that mRNAs lacking leader sequences are dependent upon an AUG initiation codon, whereas leadered mRNAs are not. This suggests that mRNAs lacking leader sequences are either more dependent on perfect codon-anticodon complementarity or require an AUG initiation codon in a sequence-specific manner to form productive initiation complexes. A mutant initiator tRNA with compensating anticodon mutations restored expression of leadered, but not unleadered, mRNAs with UAG start codons, indicating that codon-anticodon complementarity was insufficient for the translation of mRNA lacking leader sequences. These data suggest that a cognate AUG initiation codon specifically serves as a stronger and different translational signal in the absence of an untranslated leader.

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“…The possibility that this material was a photoreceptor (for an ion pump?) of the type described in halobacteria (Lanyi, 1981;Stoeckenius et al, 1979) was considered. However, there was no diminution in chromophore content after growth of the wild-type in total darkness; moreover, light conditions had no perceptible effect on any of the determinations made.…”

Section: R E S U L T S a N D Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%