Bacteriostatic and Bactericidal effects of ethyl acetate root bark extract of Terminalia avicennioides on Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Root bark extract of Terminalia avicennioides was obtained by cool maceration with 750 ml n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, independently for 48 h using soxhlet extractor. ATCC 33591 standard strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used. Strain resistance to methicillin/oxacillin antibiotic was verified by a retest of its sensitivity to oxacillin antibiotic. The antimicrobial test and zone of inhibition were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The isolated bioactive fractions of the extract were subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Results revealed both fractions (TLb4 and TLb17) were both bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The growth of MRSA was inhibited at extract concentrations of 60, 120, 180 and 240 µg/ml, within the susceptible range of ≥ 14 mm, with a mean inhibitory zone sensitivity of 14 mm at 60 µg/ml, 15.76 mm at 120 µg/ml and 15.33 mm at 180 µg/ml for fraction TLb4 and 15.33 mm at 60 µg/ml, 17.33 mm at 120 µg/ml and 20 mm at 180 µg/ml for TLb17 (≥ 14 mm). GC-MS detected oleic acid and analogs of palmitic acid as pharmacological active compounds of both fractions. FTIR showed the presence of alkyl halides. These bioactive agents revealed could be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of MRSA.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the root extracts and fractions of Terminalia avicennioides Guill. and Perr.

“…Similarly, the differences exhibited by the extracts of different solvents could imply that the extracts with higher activities extracted more of the active principles (Babayi et al 2004). The antibacterial activity displayed by T. avicennioides in this study was most likely mediated by similar constituents identified in the report by Adim et al (2018) as the plant in their study was sampled from the same location as ours. However, while our study utilized both crude extracts and fractions, Adim et al (2018) described ethylacetate extract.…”

“…The antibacterial activity displayed by T. avicennioides in this study was most likely mediated by similar constituents identified in the report by Adim et al (2018) as the plant in their study was sampled from the same location as ours. However, while our study utilized both crude extracts and fractions, Adim et al (2018) described ethylacetate extract.…”

“…Similar to this study, previous reports had indicated the plant to have antimicrobial effect (Mann 2012;Yimta et al 2014). The ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of the plant elsewhere demonstrated inhibitory action towards methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Adim et al 2018). Root bark extract of T. avicennioides also exhibited effect on Salmonella typhi, S. dysentriae, S. aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Usman et al 2018).…”

Hypolipidamic study of ethyl acetate leaves extract of Momordica charantia on the biochemical parameters of Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats

“…The anti-carcinogenic properties of Momordica charantia have also been reported [16,17]. It is has been established that researcher ' s interest for scientific investigations on plant based system is motivated by the bioactive secondary metabolites produced either by the fruit, seeds, leaves, roots and or bark parts of the plant [18]. The tradomedical use of plant-based system is emerging but needs scientific verification to validation the practice.…”