Objective: Proniosomes are dry free flowing, granular products that are water soluble carrier particles, coated with surfactants and can be hydrated to form niosomal dispersion immediately before use in hot aqueous media. Tolterodine, is medication used to treat frequent urination, urinary incontinence, or urinary urgency. It acts on M2 and M3 subtypes of muscarinic receptors. Methods: Tolterodine tartrate proniosome formulations were prepared by coacervation phase separation method by using different surfactants in different ratios. The prepared proniosomal formulations were evaluated for vesicle size, rate of spontaneity, encapsulation efficiency, drug content, In vitro release study and stability studies. Results: The size range was found to be 15.28±0.33 to 16.43±0.22 µm. Viscosity of all formulations lies in the range of 7244-9314 cp. Maximum release was shown by formulations of batch PG4 (87.45 %), and minimum for formulations of batch PG4 (50%), after 12 h. Optimized formulations PG4 shows stability at different temperatures. Conclusion: Tolterodine tartrate proniosome formulations prepared by using coacervation phase separation method are capable of releasing drug for the extended period of time.

Root bark extract of Terminalia avicennioides was obtained by cool maceration with 750 ml n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol, independently for 48 h using soxhlet extractor. ATCC 33591 standard strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used. Strain resistance to methicillin/oxacillin antibiotic was verified by a retest of its sensitivity to oxacillin antibiotic. The antimicrobial test and zone of inhibition were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The isolated bioactive fractions of the extract were subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Results revealed both fractions (TLb4 and TLb17) were both bacteriostatic and bactericidal. The growth of MRSA was inhibited at extract concentrations of 60, 120, 180 and 240 µg/ml, within the susceptible range of ≥ 14 mm, with a mean inhibitory zone sensitivity of 14 mm at 60 µg/ml, 15.76 mm at 120 µg/ml and 15.33 mm at 180 µg/ml for fraction TLb4 and 15.33 mm at 60 µg/ml, 17.33 mm at 120 µg/ml and 20 mm at 180 µg/ml for TLb17 (≥ 14 mm). GC-MS detected oleic acid and analogs of palmitic acid as pharmacological active compounds of both fractions. FTIR showed the presence of alkyl halides. These bioactive agents revealed could be effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of MRSA.

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