Bar Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program

Powers, Ráchael A.; Leili, Jennifer

doi:10.1177/1077801217741219

Cited by 36 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…If alcohol negatively influences risk detection, increasing the presence of trained bystanders who are not intoxicated could facilitate the likelihood of effective bystander intervention. This may be accomplished by encouraging identification of designated "sober" friends when planning a night out, or by training individuals employed in settings in which alcoholrelated sexual violence is common to be effective bystanders (e.g., bartenders; Powers & Leili, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Ham

Wiersma‐Mosley

Wolkowicz

et al. 2019

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

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Alcohol-related sexual violence remains a public health problem. Despite the popularity of sexual assault bystander intervention programs, these may be limited in addressing bystander intoxication because the effects of intoxication on intervening in a sexual assault are unknown. Therefore, we tested the effects of alcohol intoxication on the five steps of bystander intervention in a sexual assault vignette. Method: Young adults (N = 128; 50% women) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol (target blood alcohol concentration = 0.08%; n = 64) or a nonalcoholic control beverage (n = 64) in a barlaboratory. Next, participants were presented with a vignette describing events occurring in a convivial drinking context that ends with nonconsensual sexual behavior. Latané and Darley's bystander intervention model steps were assessed in a semistructured interview. Results: Participants in the control condition recalled the story more accurately (Step 1: notice the event) and reported greater risk/need for intervention (Step 2), but they did not differ on the latter three steps of bystander intervention compared with alcohol-condition participants. Intoxication effects were similar for men and women. Furthermore, risk/need for intervention (Step 2) partially mediated the effect of alcohol condition on personal responsibility (Step 3) and relative benefits versus costs from intervening (Step 4). Conclusions: Prevention programs should consider the effects of alcohol on detecting a sexual assault and the need to intervene. If intoxicated bystanders do not detect a sexual assault, then bystanders will not reach the crucial steps (i.e., taking responsibility for intervening; willingness and ability to intervene) required to intervene successfully.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Ham

Wiersma‐Mosley

Wolkowicz

et al. 2019

J. Stud. Alcohol Drugs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As such, it will be important for us to be innovative in where we implement sexual violence prevention programs to affect campus climate and reduce victimization. For example, studies have evaluated the effectiveness of bystander intervention programs among bar staff, showing promise of these programs in reducing rape myth acceptance and increasing bartenders’ willingness to intervene if they witness abusive behavior in these off-campus settings (Powers & Leili, 2018). Doing this work from an intersectional, community-engaged perspective would strengthen our ability to acknowledge the collective and historical trauma of a community, especially communities of color, to promote trauma-informed practice on and off campuses.…”

Section: For the Future: Applying An Intersectional Community-engagementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Theory, Methods, and Dissemination in Sexual Violence Research to Build a More Equitable Future: An Intersectional, Community-Engaged Approach

McCauley

Campbell

Buchanan

et al. 2019

Violence Against Women

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Sexual violence is a devastating trauma with long-lasting effects on survivors’ health and well-being. Despite the substantial impacts of the last 25 years of research, the prevalence of sexual violence has remained stable. It will be necessary to reconceptualize our work, challenging our theories, methods, and strategies for dissemination and implementation moving forward. We outline an intersectional, community-engaged approach for sexual violence research to center the stories of survivors who face systemic oppression and inequity. Finally, we suggest applications of this approach for justice, healing, and prevention to inform our collective work to end sexual violence.

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“…Despite low rates of aggression in bars overall, the program proved to be somewhat effective in reducing incidents of severe and moderate aggression (Graham et al., ). In similar fashion, Powers and Lelli () describe the evaluation of a community‐based bystander intervention program for bar staff delivered in the workplace. Initial evaluation suggested that the intervention program led to a decrease in rape myths, a reduction in barriers to intervention, and an increase in bartenders’ willingness to intervene.…”

Section: Rethinking the Bystander Effect In Violence Reduction Programsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rethinking the Bystander Effect in Violence Reduction Training Programs

Levine

Philpot

Kovalenko

2019

Social Issues Policy Review

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Many violence prevention programs include a focus on the role of bystanders and third parties in violence prevention training. Central to this work has been the classic social psychological research on the "bystander effect". However, recent research on bystander behavior shows that the bystander effect does not hold in violent or dangerous emergencies. Meta-analyses of the literature show that the presence of others can facilitate as well as inhibit intervention in emergencies. Studies of real-life bystander behavior captured on CCTV cameras shows that some bystander intervention is the norm and that the likelihood of bystanders being victimized is low. One reason for the limited effectiveness of violence reduction programs may be their approach to bystanders. We argue that violence reduction programs should: recognize that some intervention is likely (although it may not always be successful); see the group as a route to successful intervention rather than a threat to the likelihood of any single individual becoming an intervener; inform bystanders of the real risks of victimization; utilize the power of social relations between bystanders, victims, and perpetrators to enhance successful intervention; seek to deliver bystander intervention training in situ, rather than away from the context of the aggression or violence.

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Bar Training for Active Bystanders: Evaluation of a Community-Based Bystander Intervention Program

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Bystander Intervention in a Vignette Depiction of Sexual Assault

Advancing Theory, Methods, and Dissemination in Sexual Violence Research to Build a More Equitable Future: An Intersectional, Community-Engaged Approach

Rethinking the Bystander Effect in Violence Reduction Training Programs

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