Barley Phytin in Malting and Brewing

Sandegren, E.

doi:10.1002/j.2050-0416.1948.tb01600.x

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…After a second centrifugation, a residue was obtained which upon extraction with 3% trichloroacetic acid (the phytin solvent used in the Wheeler and Ferrel (1961) method) was found to contain approximately 0.4% of the total phytic acid. This agrees with Sandegren's (1948) contention that phytic acid exists principally as the water-soluble sodiumpotassium salt in barley.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Lolas¹,

Markakis²

1975

J. Agric. Food Chem.

220

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This work was a cooperative investigation between the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, and the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, Madison. Mention of a trademark or proprietary product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of the product by the U. S. Department of Agriculture and does not imply its approval to the exclusion of other products that may also be suitable. Research supported in part by USDA Cooperative Agreement 12-14-100-10,888, and by the

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Lolas¹,

Markakis²

1975

J. Agric. Food Chem.

220

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“…It has been suggested that phytic acid in the cereal grains is present as a mixed insoluble salt of Mg, Ca, and K (Averill and King, 1926). In contrast, other studies have indicated that it is present in a soluble form in barley (Sandegren, 1948) and in beans (Lolas and Markakis, 1975). The primary role of phytic acid may be as P store which is gradually utilized during germination by the grain (Hall and Hodges, 1966; Asada et al, 1968; Williams, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in concentrations and interrelations of phytate, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and iron in wheat varieties during two years

Nahapetian¹,

Bassiri²

1976

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…Whether calcium and magnesium ions are always associated with phytin is in question (22). Sandegren (22) reported that in mature barley grain, phytin exists as the water-soluble sodium-potassium salt which, after steeping, undergoes conversion to the insoluble calcium-magnesium salt by ion-exchange.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid and Ion Release from Barley Aleurone Tissue

Jones

1973

Plant Physiol.

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The release of potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions from aleurone cells of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Himalaya) is a gibberellic acid-dependent process. The release of these ions is preceded by a lag period of 6 to 8 hours after gibberellic acid addition. The effect of gibberellic acid on the re. lease of ions is not mediated through an effect on ion solubilization. Thus, gibbereilic acid does not apreciably affect the sum of extracted and released ions relative to controls. Rather, the effect of the hormone is on the release process itself. Inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation when added with gibberellic acid or at times up to 6 hours after gibberellic acid inhibition release. When these inhibitors are added after ion release has begun, however, rapid efflux of ions occurs. These results suggest a strong correlation between energy levels and ion transport capacity. Inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis also inhibit gibberellic acid-stimulated ion release. Evidence suggests that RNA and protein synthesis are required to establish and maintain ion release capacity of aleurone cells.The GA enhancement of hydrolytic enzyme synthesis at the expense of reserve proteins in aleurone layers of barley is firmly established (17,24,27 Phytin (Ca, Mg salt of inositol hexaphosphate) is presumed to be the principle reserve of phosphorous, magnesium, calcium, and possibly potassium in cereal seeds (16,21,25). In barley, phytin contains about one-half of the total phosphorous present in the seed (7). Whether calcium and magnesium ions are always associated with phytin is in question (22). Sandegren (22) reported that in mature barley grain, phytin exists as the water-soluble sodium-potassium salt which, after steeping, undergoes conversion to the insoluble calcium-magnesium salt by ion-exchange.In wheat most of the phytin of the grain is located in the aleurone layer (15). Similarly, as much as 60% of the inorganic ions of the seed are found in this tissue (9). A definitive analysis of the distribution of phytin and inorganic ions has not been made in barley. Phytin does, however, occur in aleurone cells of barley as shown by the presence within protein bodies of distinct electron dense globoids (4,10,12,18).During malting of barley, an 8-fold increase is found in the level of phytase, the enzyme responsible for the hydrolysis of phytin to myoinositol and inorganic phosphate (7). De-embryonated half seeds of barley also possess phytase activity which, as in wheat, is mostly in the aleurone layer (19,20,23). GA treatment increases phytase activity in half seeds of barley; however, the effect of GA is low when compared with its effects on other hydrolases (2, 23). Since a large proportion of the phosphate, magnesium, and calcium of the barley seed may be present in phytin, the redistribution of these elements would be dependent on the hydrolysis of phytin by phytase and the subsequent release of these elements from the aleurone cell (25,26).In experiments reported in this paper, emphasis has been placed on th...

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Barley Phytin in Malting and Brewing

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Phytic acid and other phosphorus compounds of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Variations in concentrations and interrelations of phytate, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, zinc, and iron in wheat varieties during two years

Gibberellic Acid and Ion Release from Barley Aleurone Tissue

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