Barriers to employing e-participation in the Iranian planning system

Shahab, Sina; Bagheri, Baran; Potts, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.cities.2021.103281

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Indeed, the lack of participatory planning and design was a key factor associated with low satisfaction rates and poor mental health outcomes among low-income groups, families with children, older people, and women. This resonates with previous literature highlighting the crucial role of participatory approaches in advancing a more equitable agenda for urban regeneration [33,50] as well as developing a sense of transformative agency among the most marginalised citizens [51].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

2021

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Urban planning and design can impact mental health, but it is unclear how ever-growing and changing cities can sustain the psychological wellbeing of vulnerable groups, who are among the most mentally sensitive to spatial inequalities. This systematic review synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies on urban design interventions and their impact on wellbeing in vulnerable groups. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five online databases from inception to May 2020. A total of 10 papers were included. We found mixed evidence of benefits for wellbeing linked to urban regeneration projects or focused interventions (green spaces, transport, security). Interventions that were centred around participation, sustainable living, and quality of design (e.g., perceived sense of safety) were associated with increased residential satisfaction and wellbeing, particularly among low-income communities and women. Risk of bias was low to medium, but there was high methodological heterogeneity; studies were mainly from Western countries, and none of the included studies investigated the experiences of people with disabilities, migrants, or racial minorities. This review highlights the importance of inclusive and sustainable design interventions to create happy places for all strata of society, although further investigation is warranted.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

2021

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“…Lastly, online platforms as a form of participation mechanism have been discovered as a barrier to the implementation of the IDP process due to lack of oversight. However, Shahab, Bagheri, & Potts (2021) indicate that online participation (Hereafter e-Participation) has been employed by many planning authorities across the world to facilitate the engagement of people in decision-making processes. Previous studies on e-participation have shown that this form of participation can increase the level of flexibility and inclusiveness of public engagements, make government interventions more responsive to citizens' needs, and increase government accountability.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leaving no one behind in a participative integrated development planning process in South Africa

Mamokhere

2022

IJRBS

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The purpose of this study is to explore the IDP process for improved public participation and thereafter assess the barriers to the design and implementation of the IDP. The IDP process was developed to improve strategic planning and ensure that no one is left behind at the grassroots. This was done by promoting public participation in municipal affairs. Many South African municipalities have been struggling to use the IDP process to improve public participation. A mixed-methods approach to investigate the participative IDP process and barriers, using the Greater Tzaneen Municipality (GTM) as a case study was adopted. The methodology included 400 respondents who were chosen through a probability sampling technique and probed to complete the online survey using a closed-ended questionnaire guide, and 10 respondents were also chosen through a non-probability sampling technique and were face-to-face interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The key results revealed that poor public participation exists in the study area due to a lack of encouragement from responsible authorities. Many barriers hinder the effective design and implementation of the participative IDP process, such as protests, working in silos, a lack of institutional resources to address the competing needs of communities, and a lack of transparency, accountability, and consultation. Lastly, the lack of oversight by the municipality in the adoption of e-participation has been discovered as a barrier to the design and implementation of participative IDP process during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes by providing a few recommendations to enhance participative IDP process. The GTM should at all times uphold democratic principles by ensuring active and effective public participation, transparency, and accountability in municipal affairs. South African municipalities, especially GTM, should develop innovative institutional and organizational skills to make better use of their resources, solve socioeconomic barriers, and enhance service delivery.

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“…We conducted a thematic analysis based on the interview responses using MAXQDA software which is a qualitative data analysis tool. Thematic analysis is a helpful method for understanding the perspective of different interview participants and emphasizing their similarities or differences (Nowell et al, 2017;Shahab et al, 2021). We first color-coded the responses in accordance with their contents and keywords, with selected sentences and paragraphs serving as each coding segment.…”

Section: Interview Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Engagement in Smart City Planning: The Case of Living Labs in South Korea

Choo

Choi

Yoon

et al. 2023

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The smart city is recognized as a new city model for inclusive urban planning. Many local governments are making smart city plans to develop new policies that manage urban issues in South Korea. They identify issues through citizen surveys and decide which issues should be managed with priority. Some governments test developed policies based on citizen engagement. Most local governments use the living labs to encourage citizen engagement in smart city plans since these are public spaces where planners engage citizens to develop innovative and inclusive ideas. This study conducted a content analysis of smart city plans of local government. We analyzed the various approaches to the living lab and examined the stage of the planning process it is utilized in. Additionally, we identified the barrier to the living lab by interviewing people who participated in the smart city plan. According to the analysis, a barrier to citizen engagement exists in smart city plans; most citizen engagement is only used when planners develop ideas for setting visions and goals. It implies that citizen engagement occurs at a limited level in smart city plans and may cause planning to be less inclusive. We suggest that citizen engagement should be considered in the whole planning process to improve the inclusiveness of smart city plans and encourage sustainable citizen engagement.

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Barriers to employing e-participation in the Iranian planning system

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups

Leaving no one behind in a participative integrated development planning process in South Africa

Citizen Engagement in Smart City Planning: The Case of Living Labs in South Korea

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