Base-catalyzed oxidative depolymerization of softwood kraft lignin

Paananen, Hanna; Eronen, Eemeli; Mäkinen, Marko; Jänis, Janne; Suvanto, Mika; Pakkanen, Tuula T.

doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112473

Cited by 36 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…For example, oxidative and reductive decomposition during the electrochemical degradation of lignin produces a large number of unknown products. From the mass spectral raw data, more than 5000 elemental compositions could be assigned in a single full-scan mass spectrum using high-resolution FT-ICR MS [ 3 , 67 ]. As an example, the complexities and peak densities in a region of only 0.25 m / z unit from a single full-scan mass spectrum of a lignin degradation mixture was expanded, exhibiting a total of 20 assigned features in this small segment ( Figure 6 ) [ 43 ].…”

Section: Graphical and Statistical Methods For The Hrms Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It consists of approximately 20% of grasses and straws, 30% of softwoods, and 25% of poplar, which plays crucial roles in the plants’ nutrition transport and shape maintenance [ 2 ]. Lignin polymers are composed of phenylpropanoids, primarily coniferyl, sinapyl and coumaryl alcohols, which are connected by different linkages, e.g., the most abundant β- O -4′ linkage [ 3 ]. Lignin structures are complex, greatly depending on the lignin sources and the methods for separation [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of Lignin Compounds at the Molecular Level: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Raw Data Processing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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Lignin is the second most abundant natural biopolymer, which is a potential alternative to conventional fossil fuels. It is also a promising material for the recovery of valuable chemicals such as aromatic compounds as well as an important biomarker for terrestrial organic matter. Lignin is currently produced in large quantities as a by-product of chemical pulping and cellulosic ethanol processes. Consequently, analytical methods are required to assess the content of valuable chemicals contained in these complex lignin wastes. This review is devoted to the application of mass spectrometry, including data analysis strategies, for the elemental and structural elucidation of lignin products. We describe and critically evaluate how these methods have contributed to progress and trends in the utilization of lignin in chemical synthesis, materials, energy, and geochemistry.

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Section: Graphical and Statistical Methods For The Hrms Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Lignin Compounds at the Molecular Level: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Raw Data Processing

Zhang

et al. 2021

Molecules

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“…There are many chemical processes that can be used to increase the conversion rate of lignin into biofuels or value-added chemicals. These include catalytic hydrogenolysis [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], catalytic oxidation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], photocatalysis [ 6 ], pyrolysis [ 3 , 17 ], and electrochemical oxidation [ 6 ]. Lignin oxidation is extensively employed to create reactive lignin fragments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While oxidation has the advantage of being simple, it is also easy to modify and optimize the reaction conditions. However, product selectivity cannot be controlled [ 14 ]. Lignin oxidation can be catalyzed by metal hydroxides or salts, oxides, and complexes [ 6 , 14 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Efficiency of Chemical and Thermochemical Depolymerization Methods for Lignin Valorization: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach

et al. 2022

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Energy demand and the use of commodity consumer products, such as chemicals, plastics, and transportation fuels, are growing nowadays. These products, which are mainly derived from fossil resources and contribute to environmental pollution and CO2 emissions, will be used up eventually. Therefore, a renewable inexhaustible energy source is required. Plant biomass resources can be used as a suitable alternative source due to their green, clean attributes and low carbon emissions. Lignin is a class of complex aromatic polymers. It is highly abundant and a major constituent in the structural cell walls of all higher vascular land plants. Lignin can be used as an alternative source for fine chemicals and raw material for biofuel production. There are many chemical processes that can be potentially utilized to increase the degradation rate of lignin into biofuels or value-added chemicals. In this study, two lignin degradation methods, CuO–NaOH oxidation and tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis, will be addressed. Both methods showed a high capacity to produce a large molecular dataset, resulting in tedious and time-consuming data analysis. To overcome this issue, an unsupervised machine learning technique called principal component analysis (PCA) is implemented.

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Lignin Depolymerization Technologies

2023

Depolymerization of Lignin to Produce Value Added Chemicals

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Base-catalyzed oxidative depolymerization of softwood kraft lignin

Cited by 36 publications

References 53 publications

Characterization of Lignin Compounds at the Molecular Level: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Raw Data Processing

Characterization of Lignin Compounds at the Molecular Level: Mass Spectrometry Analysis and Raw Data Processing

Assessment of the Efficiency of Chemical and Thermochemical Depolymerization Methods for Lignin Valorization: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Approach

Lignin Depolymerization Technologies

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