Basics of Landscape Ecology: An Introduction to Landscapes and Population Processes for Landscape Geneticists

Cushman, Samuel A.; McRae, Brad H.; McGarigal, Kevin

doi:10.1002/9781118525258.ch02

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…For relatively simple systems with only a few sites this can be done with reasonable ease based on species biology but can rapidly become more difficult in systems with more diverse habitats. Some potential alternatives would be to use a cost matrix or least cost paths between all sites to represent potential movement costs (Cushman et al, 2015;Spear et al, 2015;Zeller et al, 2012). Least cost paths and other more quantitative landscape genetic techniques could allow for more explicit linking of movement values to the landscape of the species (Cushman et al, 2013(Cushman et al, , 2018Dilts et al, 2016;Shirk et al, 2015;Zeller et al, 2012).…”

Section: Estimating Contemporary Dispersal Using Pedigreesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree‐based assessment of recent population connectivity in a threatened rattlesnake

Martin

Lipps

Gibbs

2021

Molecular Ecology Resources

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Managing endangered species in fragmented landscapes requires estimating dispersal rates between populations over contemporary timescales. Here, we developed a new method for quantifying recent dispersal using genetic pedigree data for close and distant kin. Specifically, we describe an approach that infers missing shared ancestors between pairs of kin in habitat patches across a fragmented landscape. We then applied a stepping-stone model to assign unsampled individuals in the pedigree to probable locations based on minimizing the number of movements required to produce the observed locations in sampled kin pairs. Finally, we used all pairs of reconstructed parent-offspring sets to estimate dispersal rates between habitat patches under a Bayesian model. Our approach measures connectivity over the timescale represented by the small number of generations contained within the pedigree and so is appropriate for estimating the impacts of recent habitat changes due to human activity. We used our method to estimate recent movement between newly discovered populations of threatened Eastern Massasauga rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) using data from 2996 RAD-based genetic loci. Our pedigree analyses found no evidence for contemporary connectivity between five genetic groups, but, as validation of our approach, showed high dispersal rates between sample sites within a single genetic cluster. We conclude that these five genetic clusters of Eastern Massasauga rattlesnakes have small numbers of resident snakes and are demographically isolated conservation units. More broadly, our methodology can be widely applied to determine contemporary connectivity rates, independent of bias from shared genetic similarity due to ancestry that impacts other approaches.

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Section: Estimating Contemporary Dispersal Using Pedigreesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pedigree‐based assessment of recent population connectivity in a threatened rattlesnake

Martin

Lipps

Gibbs

2021

Molecular Ecology Resources

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“…Furthermore, species with limited dispersal may have diminished genetic neighborhoods, implying an increase in mating between relatives (Carrillo-Angeles et al 2011;Turchetto et al 2015). The dynamics of gene flow among populations is conditioned upon several factors, such as species dispersal ability, the geographic distance among individuals and populations, landscape features, and ecological factors that facilitate or constrain gene movement (Cushman et al 2016). The fruits of C. pygmaea, as all species of the Calibrachoa, are dried capsules that contain dozens of small seeds, with no dispersal mechanisms that fall close to the mother plant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity in Calibrachoa pygmaea (Solanaceae): A hawkmoth-pollinated nightshade from the Pampas

et al. 2019

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Calibrachoa pygmaea is a unique species of Calibrachoa, especially concerning its flower morphology and the environment where it occurs. The species is self-incompatible and is narrowly distributed in wet and flooded fields of the Pampas region. We characterize the genetic diversity of the species based on traditional plastid markers and newly developed nuclear microsatellites to identify drivers that guide its evolution. Our results identified markers that are informative and useful for studying the population structure of C. pygmaea, as well as that of other species of Calibrachoa. Both marker sets were congruent in developing conclusions regarding the evolutionary scenario of C. pygmaea, and revealed that the genetic variability and population structure of the species could be explained by common allele fixation or shared ancestral polymorphism, while its diversification can be attributed mainly to the species' dispersal ability and certain ecological features.

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“…Embora a utilização de Bixa como fonte de pigmento não seja recente, uma vez que as populações nativas da América já utilizavam para ornamentação do corpo e utensílios, proteção contra picadas de insetos e como proteção solar, nas últimas décadas houve uma preferência pelos sintéticos (Corrêa & Penna, 1984;Castro et al, 2009), gradualmente substituído por corantes naturais, novamente, a base de B. orellana (Mercadante et al, 1997). Atualmente, com a preferência por produtos naturais, o Brasil é um dos maiores produtores de corantes à base de Bixa, exportando para diversos países, só em 2017 o país produziu 13.363 toneladas de urucum, sendo o maior produtor mundial (Mercadante et al, 1997;IBGE, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Morfologia fenotípica de Bixa arborea e Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil

Furini

Karsburg

Fernandes

et al. 2021

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Bixa arborea e Bixa orellana, são duas espécies vegetais da família Bixaceae, com ampla distribuição na América do Sul e largamente usada pela população tradicional. As espécies do gênero Bixa apresentam um pigmento avermelhado nas sementes, que vem sendo utilizado pelas populações nativas por muito tempo. Os compostos fitoquímicos presentes nas sementes de Bixa orellana também são muito utilizados na indústria alimentícia e têxtil (como corante). Bixa arborea além do uso fitoterápico das folhas, também é muito empregada na restauração florestal e como fonte de madeira. Nesse contexto, é de extrema importância diferenciar B. arborea de B. orellana por meio de diagnoses morfológicas para compreender melhor os caracteres que separam as duas espécies. Também buscou analisar as diferenças morfológicas existentes entre os espécimes de B. arborea, para avaliar a existência de híbridos na população analisada. Para isso, foi realizado diagnoses morfológicas para as duas espécies. A partir disso, foi possível perceber que as duas espécies apresentam muitas semelhanças morfológicas, diferindo basicamente uma da outra pelo aspecto do fruto: B. arborea apresentou frutos papilosos ou parcialmente cobertos por espinhos não flexíveis com comprimento variando de 0,1-1,8 mm, enquanto B. orellana apresenta frutos totalmente cobertos por espinhos flexíveis e com comprimento variando de 4 a 9,6 mm. A quantidade média de sementes nos frutos de com B. orellana foi maior que o encontrado nos frutos de B. arborea. Portanto, nosso trabalho mostrou que as duas espécies apresentam diferenças fenotípicas, as quais podem ser utilizadas na identificação e diferenciação uma da outra.

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Basics of Landscape Ecology: An Introduction to Landscapes and Population Processes for Landscape Geneticists

Cited by 16 publications

References 121 publications

Pedigree‐based assessment of recent population connectivity in a threatened rattlesnake

Pedigree‐based assessment of recent population connectivity in a threatened rattlesnake

Genetic diversity in Calibrachoa pygmaea (Solanaceae): A hawkmoth-pollinated nightshade from the Pampas

Morfologia fenotípica de Bixa arborea e Bixa orellana (Bixaceae) em Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brasil

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