“…Besides the above neural networks models, computational intelligence (CI) techniques that encompass fuzzy systems, machine learning and evolutionary computation have been successfully developed in the field of traffic forecasting. For instance, some literature applies Bayesian networks (Zhang et al , 2004;Castillo et al, 2008) and Bayesian inference based regression techniques (Khan, 2011;Tebaldi et al, 2002;Sun et al, 2005Sun et al, , 2006Zheng et al, 2006;Ghosh et al, 2007), some literature uses fuzzy systems or fuzzy NNs to predict the traffic states (Dimitriou et al, 2008;Quek et al, 2009). While others start to explore support vector regression (SVR) to model traffic characteristics and produce prediction of traffic states (Castro-Neto, 2009;Ding et al, 2002;Hong, 2011;Hong et al, 2011;Wu et al, 2004;Vanajakshi & Rilett, 2004).…”