Beach landscape management as a sustainable tourism resource in Fernando de Noronha Island (Brazil)

Abstract

The Coastal Scenery Evaluation System was used to analyze the landscape of touristic beaches at the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, using a checklist with 26 physical and human parameters. The beaches are divided into classes ranging from 1 (extremely attractive natural site) to 5 (unattractive urban areas). The data reflects the natural and anthropogenic characteristics of the coastal Noronha scenery, which have international relevance and are between classes 1-4. Class 3 and 4 beaches are associated with anthropogenic factors/parameters. Seasonal sedimentary stock variation has also contributed to the differences in classes between the seasons at some beaches. The results of this study are useful to create new perspectives for sustainable development based on the singularities of this touristic resource-the landscape. The Fernando de Noronha Archipelago depends on its landscapes for tourism. Therefore, government policies should seek the sustainable management of its beaches, so as to ensure the protection of natural and cultural resources.

Sightings trends and behaviour of manta rays in Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, Brazil

“…In 2001 FNA was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is considered an area of high biological importance, according to the Brazilian Environmental Ministry (MMA 2002), containing critical feeding and reproductive habitats for fish, sharks, turtles and marine mammals (Cristiano et al 2020) and hosts many endemic species (Hachich et al 2015;Outeiro et al 2019).…”

Landscape and Tourism: Evolution of Research Topics

“…The complexity of the interconnections between landscapes and tourism has given rise to research that contains multiple contrasting interpretations, with focuses that address the interactions between these two themes. To mention just a few examples, we find work from the point of view of rural tourism, in combination with agriculture and local development [8], gastronomic tourism [29], potential tourism in protected landscape areas [30], tourism in relation to reforestation [31], the relationship between wind farms and tourism [32], nuclear landscape and tourism [33], the management of beaches to guarantee sustainable tourism [34] or the analysis of indigenous culture concerning the promotion of landscape tourism [35]. Furthermore, studies in this field can be approached from a physical, experimental and cultural point of view [36], from the point of view of visual perceptions of the landscape based on photography [37], the anthropogenic point of view [34] or geotourism [3], among others.…”

“…To mention just a few examples, we find work from the point of view of rural tourism, in combination with agriculture and local development [8], gastronomic tourism [29], potential tourism in protected landscape areas [30], tourism in relation to reforestation [31], the relationship between wind farms and tourism [32], nuclear landscape and tourism [33], the management of beaches to guarantee sustainable tourism [34] or the analysis of indigenous culture concerning the promotion of landscape tourism [35]. Furthermore, studies in this field can be approached from a physical, experimental and cultural point of view [36], from the point of view of visual perceptions of the landscape based on photography [37], the anthropogenic point of view [34] or geotourism [3], among others. This field also contains a multiplicity of territories under analysis, from islands [38][39][40], forests [41,42] or mountains [43,44] to cities [45,46], valleys [47,48] and lakes [49,50].…”

The Willingness to Pay for Beach Scenery and Its Preservation in Italy

“…Beach field surveys of physical parameters. Interviews via questionnaire Landscape, services, quality/price ratio, the number of users Catalan Coast (Spain) [17] 2008 Integrated index (IBVI) using 36 ecological indicators of biophysical features and environmental issues; 38 socioeconomic indicators describing infrastructure and services Physical conditions such as water and climate, litter, absence of infrastructures USA [18] 2009 Questionnaire survey based on 46 variables: geomorphological, physical, environmental parameters; services and equipment; landscape Environmental degradation, facilities and equipment, overcrowding Spain [19] 2009 Multidimensional scaling analysis Vegetation and human influence Norway [20] Water and sand quality, relaxed/friendly atmosphere, facilities, security and safety and family-friendly atmosphere Colombia [23] 2014, 2017 CSES Excessive urbanization, vegetation debris and litter Cuba [24,25] 2016 CSES and sector analysis approach Scenery and litter Colombia [26] 2018 WTP to evaluate and preserve different shore types as environmental goods Shore type, sociometric indicators Estonia [27] 2019 CSES and users' perception Seawater quality, crowding Italy [7] 2018, 2019 CSES Seasonal changes Brazil [28,29] These approaches, based on multidimensional evaluation methods [30,31], estimate the landscape quality by interpreting people's perception of environmental characteristics [32][33][34] through investigations or interviews [35,36]. Several multidisciplinary studies, conducted in Europe and America since 1960, have evaluated the landscape through the perception tool, differing from each other for divergent theoretical and philosophical bases and the importance given by the individuals.…”

“…[22,26,[39][40][41]. Furthermore, CSES has been applied to some recent studies in Italy [7], Brazil [28,29], and Spain [42].…”