Beam Alignment Game for Self-Organized MmWave-Empowered 5G Initial Access

Attaoui, Wissal; Bouraqia, Khadija; Sabir, Essaïd; Benjillali, Mustapha; El-Azouzi, Rachid

doi:10.1109/iwcmc.2019.8766779

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…For example, in [66], authors propose a quantum game theory to achieve the beam alignment by maximizing the data rate for D2D communications where each device can adjust the antenna gain by scanning different beam directions. Having the same purpose, authors in [67] propose a non-cooperative game theory to get the best beam pair where each player aligns his beam until achieving maximum throughput. The utility function U of this game is defined as the capacity of the communication link from transmitter k to its receiver j multiplied by the probability of alignment.…”

Section: ) Beam Alignment and Power Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

2022

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The initial access in Millimeter wave (mmWave) 5G communications is very challenging and time consuming. In general, mmWave and terahertz communications require the use of directional antennas to seek narrow beams. However, due to this directionality, many issues can impact the beam alignment between transmitter and receiver. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of beam alignment and initial access in mmWave and terahertz 5G/6G systems. First, we present a detailed overview of initial access methods, techniques, and beam management procedures. Then, we classify recent works related to beam alignment based on their objective functions (i.e., latency, power allocation, QoS, energy consumption, cost). We also highlight the beam alignment in terahertz 6G, where we find that deep learning and reconfigurable intelligent surface are the two protagonists that help to achieve fast beam alignment.INDEX TERMS 5G/6G, mmWave, terahertz, beamforming, initial access, beam alignment, beam steering, reconfigurable intelligent surface.

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Section: ) Beam Alignment and Power Allocationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial Access & Beam Alignment for mmWave and Terahertz Communications

2022

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“…• In the design of 5G mmWave system channels, it is very important to use real measurement data to make more accurate predictions and provide better performance. [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50], [51], [52], [53] Load balancing…”

Section: Use Of Mmwave Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been argued that the presented method significantly reduces discovery time compared to methods that are not based on user statistics. A gradient descent algorithm is proposed in [52] to solve the beam alignment problem at 5G mmWave, enabling the characterization of pure Nash equilibrium and enabling users to learn optimum beam widths. The game is characterized by parameters such as beam width, the distance between the transceiver, the possibility of alignment, and the transmit power to align the beamforming direction to maximum efficiency.…”

Section: Use Of Mmwave Bandsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Survey on Mobility Management in 5G Heterogeneous Networks: Architectures, Challenges and Solutions

et al. 2020

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With the rapid increase in the number of mobile users, wireless access technologies are evolving to provide mobile users with high data rates and support new applications that include both human and machine-type communications. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets), created by the joint installation of macro cells and a large number of densely deployed small cells, are considered an important solution to deal with the increasing network capacity demands and provide high coverage to wireless users in future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. Due to the increasing complexity of network topology in 5G HetNets with the integration of many different base station types, in 5G architecture mobility management has many challenges. Intense deployment of small cells, along with many advantages it provides, brings important mobility management problems such as frequent handover (HO), HO failure, HO delays, ping-pong HO and high energy consumption which will result in lower user experience and heavy signal loads. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive study on the mobility management in 5G HetNet in terms of radio resource control, the initial access and registration procedure of the user equipment (UE) to the network, the paging procedure that provides the location of the UE within the network, connected mode mobility management schemes and beam level mobility and beam management. Besides, this paper addresses the challenges and suggest possible solutions for the 5G mobility management.

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