Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements

Moorey, Sarah E.; Biase, Fernando H.

doi:10.1186/s40104-020-00503-9

Cited by 35 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…Conception rates in these four trials ranged between 80% and 100% regardless of vaccination group and are consistent with the 64% to 95% range expected for first breedingseason pregnancy rates in beef heifers [32]. Rates were similar between vaccinated and unvaccinated animals, with no significant differences noted between groups in any of the 4 studies reported here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Protection of Cattle against Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) Using a Live Pajaroellobacter abortibovis Vaccine

et al. 2022

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Epizootic bovine abortion (EBA) is an arthropod-borne bacterial disease that causes significant economic loss for cattle producers in the western United States. The etiologic agent, Pajaroellobacter abortibovis, is an intracellular pathogen that has yet to be cultivated in vitro, thereby requiring novel methodologies for vaccine development. A vaccine candidate, using live P. abortibovis-infected cells (P.a-LIC) harvested from mouse spleens, was tested in beef cattle. Over the course of two safety studies and four efficacy trials, safety risks were evaluated, and dosage and potencies refined. No incidence of anaphylaxis, recognized health issues or significant impact upon conception rates were noted. Vaccination did result in subclinical skin reactions. Early fetal losses were noted in two trials and were significant when the vaccine was administered within 21 days prior to conception. Administration of the EBA agent (EBAA) vaccine as a single dose, at a potency of 500 P.a–LIC, 56 days prior to breeding, provided 100% protection with no early fetal losses. Seroconversion occurred in all animals following EBAA vaccination and corresponded well with protection of the fetus from epizootic bovine abortion.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Protection of Cattle against Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) Using a Live Pajaroellobacter abortibovis Vaccine

et al. 2022

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“…In this study, plasma BHBA levels were not influenced by a change in maternal energy density during the last 45 d before parturition. The reasons for the discrepancies in the effects of prepartum maternal energy density on BHBA concentrations between studies are not clear but include many factors, such as energy requirements, animal breed, age, and body condition 32 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of prepartum dietary energy density on beef cow energy metabolites, and birth weight and antioxidative capabilities of neonatal calves

Chen

Wang

Simujide

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of prepartum diets that differ in energy density on beef cow energy metabolites and birth weight, immunity and antioxidative capabilities of neonatal calves. On d 0 (approximately 45 d before calving), 90 multiparous Angus cows (BW = 510 ± 16 kg) were randomly allocated into 1 of 9 drylot pens (10 cows/pen). Each pen was randomly assigned to a treatment condition (three pens/treatment), the cows in each treatment were assigned randomly to receive a high-energy (HE) density diet (NEm = 1.67 Mcal/kg of DM), medium-energy (ME) density diet (NEm = 1.53 Mcal/kg of DM), or low-energy (LE) density diet (NEm = 1.36 Mcal/kg of DM). Blood samples were collected − 45, − 21, − 14, and − 7 d from calving, and plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose, total protein, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were measured. After calving, the birth weights, body height, body length, thoracic girth and umbilical girth of the calves in each group were recorded, and blood samples were collected for analysis of IgG, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and maleic dialdehyde levels. The amounts of feed offered and orts were recorded for individual cows 4 d/wk. The results indicated that although dry matter intake (DMI) levels did not differ among the LE, ME, and or HE groups before parturition, the group that received the HE diet had higher plasma glucose concentrations and lower prepartum blood NEFA concentrations than the other groups. Birth weight, body height, thoracic girth, and levels of IL-2, cortisol, total antioxidant capacity, and superoxide dismutase were increased in calves of the HE group compared with those of the LE group. The plasma IL-4 and serum IgG concentrations tended to be decreased in the ME group compared with the HE group, and the ME group had lower maleic dialdehyde concentrations; maleic dialdehyde levels were significantly increased in the LE group compared with the HE group. Overall, these results indicate that feeding of a low-energy diet during the last 45 d before parturition has negative effects on the growth, immunity, and antioxidative capabilities of neonatal calves. Increasing maternal energy density during late gestation may be useful to improve the energy status of cows.

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“…Reproductive failure remains one of the most signi cant problems in the beef and dairy cattle industries despite advances in genetic selection, arti cial insemination, and improved feeding and management [3,34]. Emerging evidence derived from human and vertebrate animal models suggests that the microbiomes residing within the female and male urogenital tract are important for reproductive health and fertility.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A longitudinal characterization of the seminal microbiota and antibiotic resistance in yearling beef bulls subjected to different rate of gains using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing

Webb

Holman

Schmidt

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Increasing evidence supports the existence of a microbial community in bovine semen, and that this seminal microbiota may influence not only the male fertility but also female reproduction. In this study, we evaluated the seminal and fecal microbiota in yearling beef bulls fed a common diet to achieve moderate (1.13 kg/d) or high (1.80 kg/d) rates of weight gain. Semen samples were collected on days 0 and 112 of dietary intervention (n = 19/group) as well as post-breeding (n = 6/group) using electroejaculation and the microbiota was assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, qPCR, and culturing. The fecal microbiota was also evaluated and its similarity with seminal microbiota assessed. A subset of seminal bacterial isolates (n = 33) was screened for resistance against 28 antibiotics.Results: A complex and dynamic microbiota was detected in bovine semen, and the community structure was affected by sampling time (R2 = 0.16, P < 0.001). Microbial richness increased from d 0 (ASVs, 253 ± 12) to d 112 (293 ± 14) (P < 0.05). Microbial diversity did not change during pre-breeding but increased after breeding (P < 0.05). Fusobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes and Actinobacteriota were dominant in the seminal microbiota, and their abundance changed over time and following breeding (P < 0.05). Seminal microbiota remained unaffected by the differential rate of gains, and its overall composition was distinct from fecal microbiota, with only 6% of the taxa shared between them. The fecal microbiota did not differ between the two dietary treatments at d 112 and post-breeding but changed over time from d 112 to post-breeding (P < 0.05). A total of 364 isolates from 49 different genera were recovered under aerobic and anaerobic culturing. Among these seminal isolates were pathogenic species associated with respiratory disease, liver abscesses and reproductive infections, as well as those resistant to several antibiotics. Conclusions: Our results suggest that bovine semen harbors a rich and complex microbiota which changes over time and in response to breeding activity but appears to be resilient to differential gains achieved via a common diet. Seminal microbiota is distinct from the fecal microbiota and harbors potentially pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant bacterial species.

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Beef heifer fertility: importance of management practices and technological advancements

Cited by 35 publications

References 99 publications

Protection of Cattle against Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) Using a Live Pajaroellobacter abortibovis Vaccine

Protection of Cattle against Epizootic Bovine Abortion (EBA) Using a Live Pajaroellobacter abortibovis Vaccine

Effect of prepartum dietary energy density on beef cow energy metabolites, and birth weight and antioxidative capabilities of neonatal calves

A longitudinal characterization of the seminal microbiota and antibiotic resistance in yearling beef bulls subjected to different rate of gains using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and culturing

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