Behavior and body weight changes under intermittent exposure to cold in C57BL/6J mice

Omata, Kenji

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(90)90088-l

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Surprisingly, between successive rounds of cold exposure in the ICE protocol, we observed re-expansion of adiposity to a level beyond the basal level of the preceding cycle. This finding of a net increase in fat mass in our ICE mice is in line with a previous mouse study [19], but is at variance with several ICE rodent studies [17], [18], [20]–[22] and the two recent human studies, which either detected a reduction of body fat after 6 weeks of daily 2 h cold exposure [23] or observed no change in adiposity after 10 days of a similar ICE protocol (personal communication with Dr. Wouter D. Van Marken Lichtenbelt) [24]. The discordance is likely multifactorial and may include differences in species and experimental protocols.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Intermittent Cold Exposure Enhances Fat Accumulation in Mice

et al. 2014

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Due to its high energy consuming characteristics, brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been suggested as a key player in energy metabolism. Cold exposure is a physiological activator of BAT. Intermittent cold exposure (ICE), unlike persistent exposure, is clinically feasible. The main objective of this study was to investigate whether ICE reduces adiposity in C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, we found that ICE actually increased adiposity despite enhancing Ucp1 expression in BAT and inducing beige adipocytes in subcutaneous white adipose tissue. ICE did not alter basal systemic insulin sensitivity, but it increased liver triglyceride content and secretion rate as well as blood triglyceride levels. Gene profiling further demonstrated that ICE, despite suppressing lipogenic gene expression in white adipose tissue and liver during cold exposure, enhanced lipogenesis between the exposure periods. Together, our results indicate that despite enhancing BAT recruitment, ICE in mice increases fat accumulation by stimulating de novo lipogenesis.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Intermittent Cold Exposure Enhances Fat Accumulation in Mice

et al. 2014

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“…In the current study following 48 h of cold exposure, we have shown that exercised mice were partially protected against cold‐induced weight loss and this occurred in parallel with increases in food intake. Our findings are similar to previous reports that used models of simultaneous cold exposure and exercise (Omata, ; Vaanholt et al . ), and demonstrated increases in food intake in the cold with exercise compared to running at room temperature.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Prior exercise training improves cold tolerance independent of indices associated with non‐shivering thermogenesis

Knuth

Peppler

Townsend

et al. 2018

The Journal of Physiology

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Shivering is one of the first defences against cold, and as skeletal muscle fatigues there is an increased reliance on non-shivering thermogenesis. Brown and beige adipose tissues are the primary thermogenic tissues regulating this process. Exercise has also been shown to increase the thermogenic capacity of subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Whether exercise has an effect on the adaptations to cold stress within adipose tissue and skeletal muscle remains to be shown. Male C57BL/6 mice were either subjected to voluntary wheel running or remained sedentary for 12 days. Exercise led to decreased body weight and increased glucose tolerance. Mice were then divided into groups kept at 25°C room temperature or a cold challenge of 4°C for 48 h. Exercised mice were protected against cold-induced reductions in weight and in parallel with increased food intake. Providing exercised mice with the same amount of food as sedentary mice eliminated the protection against cold-induced weight loss. Cold exposure led to greater reductions in rectal temperature in sedentary compared to exercised mice. This protective effect was not explained by differences in the browning of white adipose tissue or brown adipose tissue mass. Similarly, the ability of the β -adrenergic agonist CL 316,243 to increase energy expenditure was attenuated in previously exercised mice, suggesting that the activation of uncoupling protein-1 in brown and/or beige adipocytes is not the source of protective effects. We speculate that the protection against cold-induced reductions in rectal temperature could potentially be linked to exercise-induced alterations in skeletal muscle.

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“…Cold stress induced by low temperature has a complex and wide effect, which causes a series of abnormal changes in energy metabolism [ 2 , 3 ], neuroendocrine system [ 4 ], immunity [ 5 ], antioxidant [ 6 ], behavior [ 7 ] and emotion. Behavior is also an important component for the body to adapt to environmental changes, which contribute to the stability of the internal environment under stress with neuroendocrinology and metabolism [ 8 , 9 ]. The central nervous system is the hub of regulating a cold stress response, such as energy homeostasis, body temperature maintenance and cold-induced thermogenesis [ 10 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Acute Cold Stress on Neuroethology in Mice and Establishment of Its Model

Liu

2022

Animals

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Cold environment is an inevitable stress source for humans and livestock in cold areas, which easily induce a cold stress response and then cause a series of abnormal changes in energy metabolism, neuroendocrine system, behavior and emotion. Homeostasis is maintained by the unified regulation of the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, metabolism and behavior under cold exposure. Behavior is an indispensable part of the functional regulation of the body to respond to environmental changes. At present, the behavioral changes caused by cold exposure are unclear or even chaotic due to the difficulty of defining cold stress. Therefore, this study aims to systematically observe the changes in spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and anxiety of mice under different intensity cold exposure and summarize the characteristics and behavior traits combined with relevant blood physiological indexes under corresponding conditions. Mice models of cold stress with different intensities were established (cold exposure gradients were 22 ℃, 16 ℃, 10 ℃ and 4 ℃, and time gradients of each temperature were 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 10 h and 12 h). After the corresponding cold exposure treatment, mice immediately carried out the open field test（OFT) and elevated plus maze test (PMT) to evaluate their spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and anxiety. Subsequently, blood samples were collected and used for the determination of corticosterone (Cort), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Spontaneous movement of mice increased under 22 ℃ cold exposure, but their exploration behavior did not significantly change, and their anxiety improved at the initial stage. The spontaneous movement and anxiety of mice increased in the initial stage and decreased in the later stage under cold exposure at 16, 10 and 4 ℃ and the exploratory behavior was inhibited. The hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and locus coeruleus-noradrenergic (LC/NE) system were activated by cold stress and fluctuated with different intensities of cold exposure. Meanwhile, serum DA increased, and 5-HT was the opposite under different intensities of cold exposure. In conclusion, mild acute cold exposure promoted the spontaneous movement, increased exploratory behavior and improved anxiety. As the intensity of cold exposure increases, cold exposure had a negative effect on spontaneous movement, exploratory behavior and emotion. The physiological basis of these behavioral and emotional changes in mice under different intensity cold stimulation is the fluctuation of Cort, CRH, E, NE, DA and 5-HT.

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Behavior and body weight changes under intermittent exposure to cold in C57BL/6J mice

Cited by 5 publications

References 21 publications

Intermittent Cold Exposure Enhances Fat Accumulation in Mice

Intermittent Cold Exposure Enhances Fat Accumulation in Mice

Prior exercise training improves cold tolerance independent of indices associated with non‐shivering thermogenesis

Effect of Acute Cold Stress on Neuroethology in Mice and Establishment of Its Model

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