BEHAVIOR GENETICS OF NEST GLEANING IN HONEY BEES. IV. RESPONSES OF F<sub>1</sub>AND BACKCROSS GENERATIONS TO DISEASE-KILLED BROOD

Rothenbuhler, Walter C.

doi:10.1093/icb/4.2.111

Cited by 350 publications

(163 citation statements)

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“…Parasites that are ingested may be removed by the proventriculus, which forms a filtering device between the crop and midgut (Seeley 1985). In addition, the honey-bee displays "hygienic" behaviours such as removing dead larvae from cells (Rothenbuhler 1964a(Rothenbuhler , 1964b, removing dead nestmates (Visscher 1983) and defecating outside the nest (Seeley 1985). These adaptations by the honey-bee act individually rather than synergistically, and provide a general defence against numerous pathogens.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Hart

Ratnieks

2001

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

155

114

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We studied the organisation of garbage disposal and management in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes. The nest of this species has an internal garbage heap to which waste from the fungus garden is taken. The transport of waste from the fungus gardens to the garbage heaps is an example of task partitioning. Ninety-four percent of the garbage loads transferred from the fungus garden to the garbage heap were transferred indirectly via a caching site just outside the garbage heap entrance. A further 3% were transferred directly from a fungus garden worker to a garbage heap worker, again just outside the heap entrance. Only 3% were taken directly to the garbage heap without task partitioning. This is the first described example of task partitioning in insect societies for work other than foraging and the first example of task partitioning occurring entirely within the nest. Furthermore, there is a strong division of labour between the fungus garden workers and the garbage heap workers, with garbage workers hardly ever leaving the heap. Division of labour is reinforced by aggressive behaviour directed towards workers contaminated with garbage. This pattern of work organisation minimises contact between garbage heap workers, who are probably contaminated with pathogens hazardous to both the ants and their symbiotic fungus, and both fungus garden workers and the fungus garden. Task partitioning, division of labour (reinforced by aggression) and nest compartmentalisation act synergistically to isolate the hazardous garbage heap from the fungus gardens.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Hart

Ratnieks

2001

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

155

114

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“…Hygienic behaviour is a natural defence against brood diseases in which hygienic worker honey bees uncap cells containing brood that is dead or infected and remove the contents (Rothenbuhler, 1964;Rinderer et al, 2010;Spivak, 1996). In this way, diseases such as chalk brood, American foulbrood and varroa infestation can be fully or partly controlled (Boecking and Spivak, 1999;Spivak and Gilliam, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards integrated control of varroa: effect of variation in hygienic behaviour among honey bee colonies on mite population increase and deformed wing virus incidence

Toufailia

Amiri

Scandian

et al. 2014

Journal of Apicultural Research

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SummaryHygienic behaviour in the honey bee, Apis mellifera, is the uncapping and removal of dead, diseased or infected brood from sealed cells by worker bees. We determined the effect of hygienic behaviour on varroa population growth and incidence of deformed wing virus (DWV), which can be transmitted by varroa. We treated 42 broodless honey bee colonies with oxalic acid in early January 2013 to reduce varroa populations to low levels, which we quantified by extracting mites from a sample of worker bees. We quantified varroa levels, again when the colonies were broodless, 48 weeks later. During the summer the hygienic behaviour in each colony was quantified four times using the Freeze Killed Brood (FKB) removal assay, and ranged from 27.5 % to 100 %. Varroa population increased greatly over the season, and there was a significant negative correlation between varroa increase and FKB removal. This was entirely due to fully hygienic colonies with >95 % FKB having only 43 % of the varroa build up of the less hygienic colonies. None of the 14 colonies with >80 % FKB removal had overt symptoms of DWV, whilst 36 % of the less hygienic colonies did. Higher levels of FKB removal also correlated significantly with lower numbers of DWV RNA copies in worker bees, but not in varroa mites. On average, fully hygienic colonies had c. 10,000 times less viral RNA than less hygienic colonies. Hacia el control integrado de varroa: efecto de la variación en el comportamiento higiénico entre colonias de abejas de la miel con aumento de la población de ácaros y de la incidencia de virus de las alas deformadas ResumenEl comportamiento higiénico en la abeja de la miel, Apis mellifera, se basa en el desoperculado y la eliminación de la cría muerta, enferma o infectada a de las celdas selladas por las abejas obreras. Se determinó el efecto del comportamiento higiénico en el crecimiento de la población de varroa y la incidencia del virus de las alas deformadas (VAD), que puede ser transmitido por la varroa. Se han tratado 42 colonias de abejas de la miel sin larvas con ácido oxálico a principios de enero de 2013 para reducir las poblaciones de varroa a niveles bajos, lo que fue cuantificado mediante la extracción de los ácaros de una muestra de las abejas obreras. Se cuantificaron los niveles de varroa, de nuevo cuando las colonias no tenían cría, 48 semanas después. Durante el verano, el comportamiento higiénico en cada colonia se cuantificó cuatro veces utilizando el ensayo de congelar la cría para matarla (BCM), y este varió entre el 27,5% y el 100%. La población de Varroa aumentó considerablemente durante la temporada, y se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre el aumento de la varroasis y la 556 Toufailia et al.

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“…This important social behaviour encompasses all aspects of detection, uncapping, and removal of dead, diseased and infested larvae and pupae from the combs. This display of hygiene behaviour including its characteristic features was first reported in Apis mellifera (Rothenbuhler, 1964;Spivak and Gilliam, 1998;Woodrow, 1941) and subsequently in the Asian hive bee, Apis cerana (Peng et al, 1987) and the giant wild bee, Apis dorsata (Woyke, 1984(Woyke, , 1996.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Open-air-nesting honey bees Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa differ from the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in brood hygiene behaviour

Woyke

Wilde

Reddy

2004

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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The cavity-nesting Apis mellifera and Apis cerana bees detect, uncap, and remove diseased brood. The hygiene behaviour of openair-nesting bees Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa was investigated in India and Nepal. Sealed A. dorsata pupae were pin-killed or deep-frozen. The workers removed 73 or 37% of damaged pin-killed pupae depending on the diameter of the pins, and only 7% of the frozen undamaged pupae. Migrating A. dorsata and A. laboriosa left unopened the sealed brood in deserted combs. Thus, A. dorsata and A. laboriosa do not open undamaged cells with dead brood. This behaviour is a more efficient mechanism in preventing the spread of diseases and parasitic mites than uncapping and removing dead pupae by A. mellifera and A. cerana. It may be beneficial for migrating A. dorsata and A. laboriosa to temporarily disuse part of the comb cells in exchange for arresting the mites there and thus reducing the increase of their population.

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BEHAVIOR GENETICS OF NEST GLEANING IN HONEY BEES. IV. RESPONSES OF F₁AND BACKCROSS GENERATIONS TO DISEASE-KILLED BROOD

Cited by 350 publications

References 5 publications

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Towards integrated control of varroa: effect of variation in hygienic behaviour among honey bee colonies on mite population increase and deformed wing virus incidence

Open-air-nesting honey bees Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa differ from the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in brood hygiene behaviour

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BEHAVIOR GENETICS OF NEST GLEANING IN HONEY BEES. IV. RESPONSES OF F1AND BACKCROSS GENERATIONS TO DISEASE-KILLED BROOD

Cited by 350 publications

References 5 publications

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Task partitioning, division of labour and nest compartmentalisation collectively isolate hazardous waste in the leafcutting ant Atta cephalotes

Towards integrated control of varroa: effect of variation in hygienic behaviour among honey bee colonies on mite population increase and deformed wing virus incidence

Open-air-nesting honey bees Apis dorsata and Apis laboriosa differ from the cavity-nesting Apis mellifera and Apis cerana in brood hygiene behaviour

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BEHAVIOR GENETICS OF NEST GLEANING IN HONEY BEES. IV. RESPONSES OF F₁AND BACKCROSS GENERATIONS TO DISEASE-KILLED BROOD