Behavior of nanosilver and nanotitanium reinforced polymethyl methacrylate for dental applications

Abstract

The study evaluated the mechanical, tribological, and cytocompatibility properties of silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced into polymethyl methacrylate resin. Both nanoparticles were separately ball-milled with polymethyl methacrylate, and a conventional compression molding technique prepared samples in a thermostatically controlled water bath. Samples were analyzed for flexural strength, polishability, three-body abrasive wear, surface hardness, and cytotoxicity. The fracture mechanics and surface roughness were further analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. Most properties showed improvement at the said concentration compared to the control group, while few did not show property enhancement.The cell proliferation and viability were not compromised. Within study limits, silver nanoparticles and titanium dioxide nanoparticles reinforced polymethyl methacrylate resin positively influenced the dental polymer to a certain extent.The nanocomposite is cytocompatible at the tested concentrations. Prereaction of the polymer, treating nanoparticles with coupling agents, determining an optimal additive size and concentration, and use of effective dispersion technique may further enhance the properties of the nanocomposites.

Effect of addition of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on the antimicrobial properties, surface roughness and surface hardness of polymethyl methacrylate: A Systematic Review.

“…58 Contrary to the effect on SR but similar to antimicrobial effect, SH was found to increase irrespective of the size of the added TiO 2 NP. Studies that used TiO 2 NP less than 50 nm particle size 41,46,48,54,56,50 as well as greater than 50 nm reported improved SH. 45 Further, the results indicate that on addition of TiO 2 NP greater than or equal to 3%, there is an observed increase in the SH.…”

“…Finally, 15 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included and is depicted as modified PRISMA-2020 flow diagram made most optimal for the current review. [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]59 (Figure 1). Out of 15 studies included 14 were in-vitro studies and one was a randomized control trial, 7 studies evaluated antimicrobial properties of TiO 2 NP, 45,47,51,53,54,57,58 5 studies evaluated SR, 46,50,51,52,58 8 studies evaluated SH [44][45][46][48][49][50]54,56 and 2 studies evaluated both.…”

“…[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58]59 (Figure 1). Out of 15 studies included 14 were in-vitro studies and one was a randomized control trial, 7 studies evaluated antimicrobial properties of TiO 2 NP, 45,47,51,53,54,57,58 5 studies evaluated SR, 46,50,51,52,58 8 studies evaluated SH [44][45][46][48][49][50]54,56 and 2 studies evaluated both. 46,50 The methodological quality assessments revealed that only one study scored above 90% 55 (Table 1).…”

“…Out of 15 studies included 14 were in-vitro studies and one was a randomized control trial, 7 studies evaluated antimicrobial properties of TiO 2 NP, 45,47,51,53,54,57,58 5 studies evaluated SR, 46,50,51,52,58 8 studies evaluated SH [44][45][46][48][49][50]54,56 and 2 studies evaluated both. 46,50 The methodological quality assessments revealed that only one study scored above 90% 55 (Table 1). The risk of bias assessment revealed moderate risk of bias for all except one study that showed a low risk of bias 55 (Table 2).…”

“…53 Similarly, Song and others found better results on using 0.3% of TiO 2 NP compared to 0.4% and 0.5%. 57 With regards to the SR, Cascione and others found a decrease in SR with large sized TiO 2 NP (greater or equal to 50 nm), 51 but three studies reported an increase in SR with the addition of less than 50 nm TiO 2 NP, 46,50,52 and one study found in-significant improvement in SR. 58 Three studies found an increase in the SR on addition of 3% and 2% TiO 2 NP, 46,50,52 while one study found 54% and 72% roughness reduction with 1% and 3% TiO 2 NP, 51 and one study found an insignificant increase in SR with 5% TiO 2 NP. 58 Contrary to the effect on SR but similar to antimicrobial effect, SH was found to increase irrespective of the size of the added TiO 2 NP.…”