Behavioral and structural adaptations to stress

Cameron, Heather A.; Schoenfeld, Timothy J.

doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.02.002

Cited by 81 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous work showing that new neurons are activated by stress and hasten recovery of the stress response to acute stressors (Snyder et al, 2011). Taken together, these findings support the idea that new neurons enhance the ability to update behavior and adapt to new safer, contextual situations following a traumatic stressor, preventing generalization of anxiety from persisting beyond when it is adaptive (Cameron & Schoenfeld, 2018).…”

Section: Role Of Neurogenesis In Stress Effectssupporting

confidence: 91%

New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD

et al. 2019

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been associated with anxiety, memory impairments, enhanced fear, and hippocampal volume loss, although the relationship between these changes remain unknown. Single-prolonged stress (SPS) is a model for PTSD combining three forms of stress (restraint, swim, and anesthesia) in a single session that results in prolonged behavioral effects. Using pharmacogenetic ablation of adult neurogenesis in rats, we investigated the role of new neurons in the hippocampus in the long-lasting structural and behavioral effects of SPS. Two weeks after SPS, stressed rats displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and decreased preference for objects in novel locations regardless of the presence or absence of new neurons. Chronic stress produced by daily restraint for 2 or 6 hours produced similar behavioral effects that were also independent of ongoing neurogenesis. At a longer recovery time point, one month after SPS, rats with intact neurogenesis had normalized, showing control levels of anxiety-like behavior. However, GFAP-TK rats, which lacked new neurons, continued to show elevated anxiety-like behavior and enhanced serum corticosterone response to anxiogenic experience. Volume loss in ventral CA1 paralleled increases in anxiety-like behavior, occurring in all rats exposed to SPS at the early time point and only rats lacking adult neurogenesis at the later time point. In chronic stress experiments, volume loss occurred broadly throughout the dentate gyrus and CA1 after 6-hour daily stress but was not apparent in any hippocampal subregion after 2-hr daily stress. No effect of SPS was seen on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus, but the survival of young neurons born a week after stress was decreased. Together, these data suggest that new neurons are functionally important for recovery of normal behavior and hippocampal structure following a strong acute stress and point to the ventral CA1 region as a potential key mediator of stress-induced anxiety-like behavior.

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Section: Role Of Neurogenesis In Stress Effectssupporting

confidence: 91%

New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD

et al. 2019

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“…In animal studies, stress alters ensuing synaptic plasticity and firing properties of hippocampal neurons. Additionally, both human and animal studies have shown that stress can change neuronal morphology, suppress neuronal proliferation, alter hippocampal volume [44,45], and, perhaps alter the time course of hippocampal growth [46]. Varying levels of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis neuroendocrine hormones, particularly glucocorticoids, appear to mediate the myriad stress effects on the hippocampus [45].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrients or nursing? Understanding how breast milk feeding affects child cognition

et al. 2019

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Purpose To explore the associations between type of milk feeding (the "nutrients") and mode of breast milk feeding (the "nursing") with child cognition. Methods Healthy children from the GUSTO (Growing Up in Singapore Toward healthy Outcomes) cohort participated in repeated neurodevelopmental assessments between 6 and 54 months. For "nutrients", we compared children exclusively bottle-fed according to type of milk received: formula only (n = 296) vs some/all breast milk (n = 73). For "nursing", we included only children who were fully fed breast milk, comparing those fed directly at the breast (n = 59) vs those fed partially/completely by bottle (n = 63). Results Compared to infants fed formula only, those who were bottle-fed breast milk demonstrated significantly better cognitive performance on both the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Third Edition) at 2 years [adjusted mean difference (95% CI) 1.36 (0.32, 2.40)], and on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (Second Edition) at 4.5 years [7.59 (1.20, 13.99)]. Children bottle-fed breast milk also demonstrated better gross motor skills at 2 years than those fed formula [1.60 (0.09, 3.10)]. Among infants fully fed breast milk, those fed directly at the breast scored higher on several memory tasks compared to children bottle-fed breast milk, including the deferred imitation task at 6 months [0.67 (0.02, 1.32)] and relational binding tasks at 6 [0.41 (0.07, 0.74)], 41 [0.67 (0.04, 1.29)] and 54 [0.12 (0.01, 0.22)] months. Conclusions Our findings suggest that nutrients in breast milk may improve general child cognition, while nursing infants directly at the breast may influence memory.

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“…However, an increase in the expression of pERK1 and pERK2 in the hippocampus has been detected only in defeated adult mice (Pardon et al., ). This activation of pERK1/2 and CREB in the DG might generate behaviors similar to depression or anxiety (Cameron & Schoenfeld, ; Gass & Riva, ). These results may throw light on the relationship of modifications of dopaminergic neurotransmission in the reward circuit (Nikulina, Lacagnina, Fanous, Wang, & Hammer, ; Xu et al., ; Yang et al., ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Underlying the Effects Of Social Defeat Stress Onmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social defeat stress: Mechanisms underlying the increase in rewarding effects of drugs of abuse

Montagud‐Romero

Blanco-Gandía

Reguilón

et al. 2018

Eur J of Neuroscience

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Social interaction is known to be the main source of stress in human beings, which explains the translational importance of this research in animals. Evidence reported over the last decade has revealed that, when exposed to social defeat experiences (brief episodes of social confrontations during adolescence and adulthood), the rodent brain undergoes remodeling and functional modifications, which in turn lead to an increase in the rewarding and reinstating effects of different drugs of abuse. The mechanisms by which social stress cause changes in the brain and behavior are unknown, and so the objective of this review is to contemplate how social defeat stress induces long-lasting consequences that modify the reward system. First of all, we will describe the most characteristic results of the short- and long-term consequences of social defeat stress on the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants and alcohol. Secondly, and throughout the review, we will carefully assess the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects, including changes in the dopaminergic system, corticotrophin releasing factor signaling, epigenetic modifications and the neuroinflammatory response. To conclude, we will consider the advantages and disadvantages and the translational value of the social defeat stress model, and will discuss challenges and future directions.

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Behavioral and structural adaptations to stress

Cited by 81 publications

References 128 publications

New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD

New neurons restore structural and behavioral abnormalities in a rat model of PTSD

Nutrients or nursing? Understanding how breast milk feeding affects child cognition

Social defeat stress: Mechanisms underlying the increase in rewarding effects of drugs of abuse

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