Behavioral characterisation of the flavonoids apigenin and chrysin

Antidepressant-Like Effects of Apigenin and 2,4,5-Trimethoxycinnamic Acid from Perilla frutescens in the Forced Swimming Test.

“…However, it is also possible that the ability of apigenin to decrease the immobility in the forced swimming test may be simply due to the increased spontaneous motor activity such as psychostimulants, but Viola et al and Zanoli et al reported that at least apigenin doses up to 100 mg/kg did not increase the spontaneous motor activity. 13,15) Thus, the apigenin induced decrease in the immobility seems not to be mediated by stimulation of the overall motor activity of the animals. On the 478 Vol.…”

“…1) were detected in the plasma and urine when an aqueous extract of P. frutescens was administered to humans. 12) Moreover, it has been reported that apigenin possesses a variety of pharmacological actions on the central nervous system, such as anxiolytic and sedative properties, [13][14][15] while to our knowledge, the effect of TMCA is not well characterized.The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of treatment with apigenin and TMCA on immobility in the forced swimming test, which has been a useful experimental method for screening antidepressant activity, as a wide range of antidepressants, including tricyclics, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, atypicals, by reducing the duration of immobility. 16,17) Moreover, in addition to the behavioral change in the forced swimming test, the levels of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), 5-hydroxytriptamine (5-HT), and their metabolites in the striatum, hippocampus, amygdala, frontal cortex, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain were used as parameters for evaluating antidepressant activity of apigenin and TMCA, and the effect of dopaminergic blockade on the anti-immobility action of apigenin in the forced swimming test was also investigated.…”

“…1) were detected in the plasma and urine when an aqueous extract of P. frutescens was administered to humans. 12) Moreover, it has been reported that apigenin possesses a variety of pharmacological actions on the central nervous system, such as anxiolytic and sedative properties, [13][14][15] while to our knowledge, the effect of TMCA is not well characterized.…”

“…18,19) The dose of apigenin was chosen without affecting the general motor activity that would allow us to evaluate whether the drug treatment increased or decreased the behavior. [13][14][15] Forced Swimming Test The procedure was a modification of the method described by Porsolt et al 16,17) Mice were placed in a glass aquarium (15 cmϫ12 cm diameter) containing 9 cm deep cold water (23Ϯ1°C) for 15 min followed by a 5-min retest (test session) 24 h later. Immobility time was recorded during the test session: the mouse was considered immobile whenever it stopped swimming and remained floating in the water, with its head just above water level.…”

Passiflora incarnata treatment during gestation and lactation: toxicological and antioxidant evaluation in wistar dams

“…Passiflora incarnata is marketed in many countries as an anxiolytic and sedative phytomedicine (Soulimani et al, 1997;Zanoli, Avallone, Baraldi, 2000) and its mechanism of action involves potentiation of the GABAergic system (Zanoli, Avallone, Baraldi, 2000;Grundmann et al, 2008). As observed for many HMP used by the population, information regarding the safety of P. incarnata use during pregnancy and/or lactation is sparse (Veríssimo et al, 2011).…”