Behavioural Differences between Chinese–American and European–American Newborns

Freedman, Daniel G.; Freedman, Nina Chinn

doi:10.1038/2241227a0

Cited by 165 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…First, Freedman and Freedman (1969) reported very similar differences with infants who were less than 1-week-old; our results suggest that these differences are maintained beyond the neonatal period. A second reason for not attributing this result exclusively to prior experience rests on the presumption that infant smiling is unusually sensitive to differential reinforcement through social interactions with adults (Watson, 1972).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

Kagan¹,

Arcus²,

Snidman³

et al. 1994

Developmental Psychology

120

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Four-month-old infants from Boston, Dublin, and Beijing were administered the same battery of visual, auditory, and olfactory stimuli to evaluate differences in level of reactivity. The Chinese infants were significantly less active, irritable, and vocal than the Boston and Dublin samples, with American infants showing the highest level of reactivity. The data suggest the possibility of temperamental differences between Caucasian and Asian infants in reactivity to stimulation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

Kagan¹,

Arcus²,

Snidman³

et al. 1994

Developmental Psychology

120

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show abstract

“…Regarding child temperament, the Chinese-A merican predisposition to calmness or imperturbability in infancy (e.g. Freedman & Freedman, 1969;Kagan et al, 1994) could contribute to greater patience for formal instruction demonstrated by Chinese children during early childhood. Regarding ne motor development, the earlier emergence of ne motor abilities may facilitate some aspects of cognitive development (Bushnell & Boudreau, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Differences in Early Mathematics Learning: A Comparison of Euro-American, Chinese-American, and Taiwan-Chinese Families

Huntsinger

Jose

Liaw

et al. 1997

International Journal of Behavioral Development

167

126

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Forty second-generation Euro-American, and 40 Chinese-American children were drawn from well-educated two-parent families in the suburban Chicago area and 40 Chinese children were drawn from a similar population in Taipei, Taiwan (10 preschool girls, 10 preschool boys, 10 kindergarten girls, and 10 kindergarten boys in each group). Chinese-American and Taiwan-Chinese children outperformed Euro-American children on measures of mathematics, spatial relations, and numeral formation. Chinese-American parents gave more formal, direct mathematics instruction, structured their child’s time to a greater degree, and reported more encouragement for mathematics-related activities than did Euro-American parents. A path analysis using Eccles’ (1993) model of academic motivation showed that ethnicity, parents’ child-specific beliefs, and parents’ work-oriented practices directly predicted mathematics-related outcomes.

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“…Freedman (1974) reported a myriad of behavior differences among newborns of seven different ethnic groups. Freedman and Freedman (1969) reported that Chinese-American newborns visually habituate more rapidly than European-American newborns and Japanese newborns lag behind Caucasian newborns in visual following responses (Freedman, 1974, p. 165). Consequently, it does not seem implausible to suspect that the proportions of SL infants in different racial or ethnic groups, given a fixed age, might well be importantly different.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Infant i's Look on Trial t: Race-Face Preference Depends on i's Looking Style

Thomas

Faßbender

2017

Front. Psychol.

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When employing between-infant designs young infants' looking style is related to their development: Short looking (SL) infants are cognitively accelerated over their long looking (LL) peers. In fact, looking style is a within-infant variable, and depends on infant i's look distribution over trials. For the paired array setting, a model is provided which specifies the probability, πi ∈ [0, 1], that i is SL. The model is employed in a face preference study; 74 Caucasian infants were longitudinally assessed at 3, 6, and 9 months. Each i viewed same race (Caucasian) vs. other race (African) faces. Infants become SL with development, but there are huge individual differences in rate of change over age. Three month LL infants, trueπ^i<1/2, preferred other race faces. SL infants, trueπ^i>1/2, preferring same race faces at 3, and other race faces at 6 and 9 months. Looking style changes precede and may control changes in face preference. Ignoring looking style can be misleading: Without considering looking style, 3 month infants show no face preference.

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Behavioural Differences between Chinese–American and European–American Newborns

Cited by 165 publications

References 0 publications

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

Reactivity in infants: A cross-national comparison.

Cultural Differences in Early Mathematics Learning: A Comparison of Euro-American, Chinese-American, and Taiwan-Chinese Families

Modeling Infant i's Look on Trial t: Race-Face Preference Depends on i's Looking Style

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