Behavioural treatment of urinary incontinence and encopresis in children with learning disabilities: transfer of stimulus control

Smith, Linda J.; Smith, Paul S.; Lee, Susan Kwok Yi

doi:10.1017/s0012162200000475

Cited by 21 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…41 Children with learning disabilities and obsessional behavior may be particularly resistant to toilet training. 42 Health symptoms, then, may be an indicator of substantial delay or perhaps perceptions of vulnerability. 6,43 Regardless, parents with concerns about development and behavior are likely to have concerns about their child's health.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent’s Reports Predict their Child’s Developmental Problems

Tervo

2005

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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To document parental reports about their child's delayed development, 180 consecutive parents/guardians of children, ages ranging from 16 to 70 months, were surveyed. Parents reported a mean of 8.28 (SD 4.55) problems. Symptoms most reported were not talking well (79.5%), poor speech (59.8%), immaturity (58.0%), understands poorly (55.4%), bowel/bladder problems (50.9%), seldom plays with others (47.3%), attention (46.4%), eating (43.8%), clumsy-gross motor (40.2%), and clumsy-fine motor (40.2%). There was an association between delayed development and symptoms about eating, bowel-bladder, clumsy fine-motor, not talking well, understands poorly, immature, and seldom plays with others (p<0.05). The presence of language symptoms increased the odds of delayed development by 2.25. Relevant symptoms differed by developmental domains and different groups of items predicted specific delays. Parent reports indicated quantifiable difficulties requiring detailed assessments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parent’s Reports Predict their Child’s Developmental Problems

Tervo

2005

Clin Pediatr (Phila)

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“…Therefore, it may be necessary to shape daytime urination prior to implementing this modification. Smith et al ( 2000 ) demonstrated this process by reinforcing urination in the diaper at certain times of day. After several days, Smith et al introduced a chair, which the participant sat upon in a diaper to eliminate before moving to the toilet and undergoing successful diaper fading.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Barriers to Continence for Children with Disabilities: Steps Toward Evidence-Based Practice

Donnelly,

Karsten

2023

Behav Analysis Practice

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Behavior-analytic toilet training (BATT) methods to support urine continence have been reviewed and replicated in numerous studies. Despite empirical validations of BATT, children with disabilities may not experience successful toilet training nor access the associated health and social benefits of urinary continence. It is possible these outcomes are partially due to practical barriers that arise throughout urine training. In practice, barriers may interfere with toilet training to the extent that training is postponed or discontinued, resulting in long-term incontinence and other related problems. Examples of barriers include problem behavior, excessive urine retention, recurrent accidents, and excessive or insufficient independent self-initiations to toilet. Researchers have sometimes described strategies to address these types of barriers. However, practitioners may not be aware of these strategies because they are secondary to the purpose of an investigation and may only apply to a subset of participants. The purpose of this review article is to synthesize the collection of barrier solutions described in published research on urine training for children with developmental disabilities. Results may assist practitioners in modifying BATT according to an evidence-based practice framework until their clients overcome barriers to achieve urine continence.

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“…This is better done using ABA discussed earlier. Individuals need to be reminded routinely (to use the bathroom) and reinforced promptly for appropriate response (Smith, 2000). It is important to work with the family medical doctor and occupational therapists for appropriate medical intervention.…”

Section: Addressing Incontinencementioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review of Common challenging behaviors and appropriate intervention strategies

Nyakundi¹,

Wairungu²

2021

IJRISS

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Autism Spectrum Disorder is a triad of disabilities with individuals exhibiting challenges in Social-Communication, repetitive behaviors and restricted activities and interests. Its etiology is not clear but, researchers point at a complex interaction between genetics and environment. There are more boys with ASD than girls at a ratio of 4 boys: 1girl. The disorder has been in an unprecedented rate of increase in the last few decades. Currently 1 in every 59 children has ASD (in USA). One of the greatest concerns by parents, speech therapists and educationists is how to deal with challenging behaviors in learners with ASD. The main aim of this paper is to consolidate research work and expert's opinion on what challenging behaviors entails and as well what intervention strategies exist.To achieve this, an in-depth review of research findings published in renowned journals was done. A qualitative research approach was assumed utilizing Google scholar search engine to search for terms 'Autism Spectrum Disorders' 'challenging behaviors in ASD' and 'intervention strategies for challenging behaviors in ASD'. After this, the authors scanned through the abstracts of the articles to weigh their relevance in achieving the aim of the study. Only those articles that covered the relevant topics in an in-depth manner were considered for review. In this era of inclusive education, it is important that education is given a collaborative multidisciplinary team approach. Teaching learners with ASD or conducting therapy sessions can be difficult when challenging behaviors are exhibited. Behavior analysts are critically important in managing challenging behaviors but unfortunately we do not have enough of them to always be available when need arises. It is important to train related education stakeholders on how toidentify and intervene when challenging behaviors are exhibited. A one 'stop shop' is necessary as provided by this article. Most common challenging behaviors include physical and verbal aggression, elopement, pica, noncompliance, property destruction, self-injury, and incontinence. From the review, contemporary intervention strategies include Applied behavior analyses, use of Picture exchange communication system and Prompting and prompt fading. The bottom line of behavior management entails laying down behavior expectations and positively reinforcing it. Inappropriate behavior cannot change unless an alternative one is introduced and reinforced.

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Behavioural treatment of urinary incontinence and encopresis in children with learning disabilities: transfer of stimulus control

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Parent’s Reports Predict their Child’s Developmental Problems

Parent’s Reports Predict their Child’s Developmental Problems

Resolving Barriers to Continence for Children with Disabilities: Steps Toward Evidence-Based Practice

Autism Spectrum Disorder: Review of Common challenging behaviors and appropriate intervention strategies

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