'Behind the Shock Machine': Interview with Gina Perry

Perry, Gina; Erani, Carly

doi:10.1037/e501212020-001

Cited by 6 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…The final straw was when Milgram recruited an old army friend of Tracy’s to take part as the Teacher. Rather than put his friend through the stressful and possibly harmful obedience experiments, Tracy quit his job (Perry, 2012, loc. 3412).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the Bridgeport condition, where the Learner was a stranger, had a 48% obedience result (19 out of 40), and Milgram’s strongest obedience results go up to 65% (Condition 5), the RC had a 15% obedience result (3 out of 20; Rochat & Modigliani, 1997, p. 237), reversing Milgram’s conclusions from the other versions. The Bridgeport condition was published in Milgram’s (1974) book, but the RC was not discovered until the opening of the Stanley Milgram Papers at Yale University (Perry, 2012; Rochat and Modigliani, 1997, loc. 2728; N.…”

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were designed to both exert pressure on participants to obey, and went on to develop further ways of pressuring participants to obey as the different variations were evolved. Consider the setup of the experiments; Milgram designed his experiments within a research culture that had few ethical qualms about deceiving and manipulating participants (Perry, 2012, loc. 915) and following in the footsteps of his mentor’s Solomon Asch’s work on group coercion (Russell, 2010, p. 780).…”

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Russell, 2014, p. 195). Milgram’s notes on the RC claim it is “as powerful a demonstration of disobedience than [sic] can be found” (Quoted from the Yale Archives in Perry, 2012, loc. 3097; N.…”

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The milgram experiment no one (in philosophy) is talking about.

Athanassoulis¹

2023

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

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Philosophers such as Harman and Dorris use the Milgram experiments to show how tiny, seemingly inconsequential, situational variables have a surprising, but dramatic effect on behavior. In this article, I discuss variation 24 of the Milgram experiments, the relationship condition (RC). This variation, which involved family members or friends taking on both the roles of Teacher and Learner, has surprising results as, overwhelmingly, participants refused to obey authority. I argue that the experiments were wellorchestrated studies in obedience under pressure, but that, friends were able to resist even such a forceful influence to obey authority. I present an Aristotelian account of friendship as a character trait, discuss how character traits interact with situations, relate these theoretical accounts to the findings of the RC condition and conclude that friendship is a dispositional trait, one which ensures that friends behave in a predictable manner even under conditions of strain. This conclusion is predicted by philosophical accounts of friendship and supported by the empirical evidence of the RC condition-a variation of the Milgram experiment that is little discussed among psychologists and virtually unknown among philosophers. Public Significance StatementThis article discusses what conclusions we should draw from the relationship condition variation of the Milgram experiments and what implications these conclusions have for the philosophical understandings of character, virtue, and friendship. It formulates a response to the situationist challenge in philosophy, namely the idea that evidence from psychology shows that situational variables, rather than character traits, affect behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Milgram Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The milgram experiment no one (in philosophy) is talking about.

Athanassoulis¹

2023

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology

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“…218 In our conversation, though, Beth Haroules argued that "one-to-one" conversation with legislators was the most effective method of communicating information and concerns. 219 Both the NYCLU and the Innocence Project also produce model legislation to assist lawmakers with the actual process of drafting bills. 220 By facilitating the process of drafting laws, model legislation can reduce the amount of work required for legislators to introduce a bill, especially when it comes to issues with which legislators may not be familiar.…”

Section: Conveying Information To Legislatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Problem of Expertise for Democracy: The Case of the New York State DNA Databank

Theodorou¹

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We must remember the fact which we have encountered several times and which we shall have to discuss repeatedly: that "democracy" as such is opposed to the "rule" of bureaucracy, in spite and perhaps because of its unavoidable yet unintended promotion of bureaucratization."-Max Weber, Economy and Society, 991. 10 Weber argues that legitimate authority can be based in three main sources: "a system of consciously made rational rules," "personal authority," or "tradition." Weber, Economy and Society, 954. 11 Sunstein has taught at University of Chicago and Harvard Law Schools, and is currently the Administrator of the White House Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs 12 Cass Sunstein, The Partial Constitution, (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press), 164. 13 This understanding rejects the notion that political pluralism, where decisions reflect the relative power of those seeking to influence, should characterize outcomes.

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Changing the Subject: A Turn From Content Toward Values and Skills in Introductory Psychology

Nolan,

Cranney

2023

Psychology Learning & Teaching

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The author of the target article hypothesizes that introductory psychology textbook authors aim to “indoctrinate” students toward a more liberal political worldview. In our response, we offer a counterhypothesis that introductory psychology authors are more likely to be biased against updating older research in general, given the enormous amount of new research that must be incorporated, as opposed to specifically ignoring findings that fit with a conservative political worldview. We point to content that is generally overlooked that would fit with a liberal perspective, and we suggest an empirical investigation that the author could conduct to evaluate these competing hypotheses. Finally, we encourage a pivot in how we think about the introductory psychology course from an emphasis on content to an emphasis on skills and values, offering psychological literacy as a framework for the renewal of the introductory psychology curriculum.

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'Behind the Shock Machine': Interview with Gina Perry

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

The milgram experiment no one (in philosophy) is talking about.

The milgram experiment no one (in philosophy) is talking about.

The Problem of Expertise for Democracy: The Case of the New York State DNA Databank

Changing the Subject: A Turn From Content Toward Values and Skills in Introductory Psychology

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