Benefits of dietary phytochemical supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage: Is including antioxidants enough?

Panza, Vilma Simões Pereira; Diefenthaeler, Fernando; Silva, Edson Luiz da

doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.02.014

Cited by 34 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The inflammatory response, as typically measured at the systemic level, occurs 24-72 hours following eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage (Pereira Panza et al, 2015) and coincides with peak feelings of muscle soreness (Cheung et al, 2003). In the present study, the reduced perception of muscle soreness following acute exercise when n-3PUFA were added to a mixed ingredient beverage did not appear to be mediated by a reduced systemic inflammatory response to exercise.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Philpott

Donnelly

Walshe

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Soccer players often experience eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage given the physical demands of soccer match-play. Since long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) enhance muscle sensitivity to protein supplementation, dietary supplementation with a combination of fish oil-derived n-3PUFA, protein and carbohydrate may promote exercise recovery. This study examined the influence of adding n-3PUFA to a whey protein, leucine and carbohydrate containing beverage over a 6 week supplementation period on physiological markers of recovery measured over 3 days following eccentric exercise. Competitive soccer players were assigned to one of three conditions (2 × 200mL): FO (n=10) contained n-3PUFA (1100mg DHA/EPA -approx. 550mg DHA, 550mg EPA), whey protein (15g), leucine (1.8g) and carbohydrate (20g); PRO (n=10) contained whey protein (15g), leucine (1.8g) and carbohydrate (20g) and CHO (n=10) contained carbohydrate (24g). Eccentric exercise consisted of unilateral knee extension/flexion contractions on both legs separately. Maximal force production was impaired by 22% during the 72 hour recovery period following eccentric exercise (p<0.05). Muscle soreness, expressed as AUC during 72 hour recovery, was less in FO (1948±1091 mm×72 h) than PRO (4640±2654 mm×72h, p<0.05) and CHO (4495±1853 mm×72h p=0.10). Blood concentrations of creatine kinase, expressed as AUC, were ~60% lower in FO compared to CHO (p<0.05) and tended to be lower (~39%, p = 0.07) than PRO.No differences in muscle function, soccer performance or blood c-reactive protein concentrations were observed between groups. In conclusion, the addition of n-3PUFA to a beverage containing whey protein, leucine and carbohydrate ameliorates the increase in muscle soreness and blood concentrations of creatine kinase following eccentric exercise in competitive soccer players.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Philpott

Donnelly

Walshe

et al. 2018

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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“…Eccentric actions, more so than concentric or isometric contractions, can result in significant structural muscle damage and soreness. Initially, eccentric exercise induces damage via mechanical stress [1], which can impair excitation contraction coupling, followed by subsequent “damage” of metabolic origin [2]. Secondarily, in response to mechanical damage, muscle fibers release pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) that attract neutrophils and macrophages into muscle to ultimately repair the damaged tissue [2, 3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initially, eccentric exercise induces damage via mechanical stress [1], which can impair excitation contraction coupling, followed by subsequent “damage” of metabolic origin [2]. Secondarily, in response to mechanical damage, muscle fibers release pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-8) that attract neutrophils and macrophages into muscle to ultimately repair the damaged tissue [2, 3]. Although not a direct effect of the inflammatory response, muscle soreness following eccentric exercise is due to increased nociceptor and mechanoreceptor sensitivity to tissue breakdown by-products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within muscle, leukocytes release reactive oxygen species (ROS) while cytokines may activate ROS-generating enzymes [4]. These ROS, while performing necessary breakdown of damaged tissue, may also react with healthy cellular structures, further impairing muscle function [2]. Collectively, the eccentric contraction-induced mechanical and metabolic disturbances in muscle may acutely impair muscle function and performance and increase perceived soreness [1, 2, 5, 6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise

Ives

Bloom

Matias

et al. 2017

Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition

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BackgroundAn acute bout of eccentric contractions (ECC) cause muscle fiber damage, inflammation, impaired muscle function (MF) and muscle soreness (MS). Individually, protein (PRO) and antioxidant (AO) supplementation may improve some aspects of recovery from ECC, though have yet to be combined. We sought to determine if combined PRO and AO supplementation (PRO + AO) improves MS and MF following damaging ECC over PRO alone.MethodsSixty sedentary college-aged males participated in a randomized, single–blind, parallel design study of peak isometric torque (PIMT), peak isokinetic torque (PIKT), thigh circumference (TC), and muscle soreness (MS) of knee extensor muscles measured at baseline, immediately after and 1, 2, 6, and 24 h after completion of 100 maximal ECC. Immediately, 6 h, and 22 h post-ECC, participants consumed either: carbohydrate control (CHO; n = 14), PRO (n = 16), or PRO + AO (n = 17).ResultsAt baseline MS, TC, MF, macro- and micro-nutrient intakes, and total work during the ECC were not different between groups (p > 0.05). PIMT and PIKT (both −25%∆), TC (~1%∆) and MS (~35%∆) all changed with time (p < 0.05). We observed a group by time effect for PIKT (PRO + AO and PRO > CHO, p < 0.05). At 24 h post ECC, there was a trend towards improved relative PIMT (~11%) and PIKT (~17%) for PRO + AO (~17%) and PRO (~11%) compared to CHO. An interaction indicated PRO + AO had lowest MS over time (PRO + AO > PRO & CHO, p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur results suggest PRO facilitates recovery of muscle function within 24 h following ECC, and addition of AO ameliorates MS more than PRO or CHO alone.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12970-017-0179-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…Despite a lack of evidence to support many recommended treatment strategies, there is evidence that dietary phytochemicals with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties can relieve symptoms associated with DOMS [9][10][11]. One such product is Gherkin, a type of cucumber, a pure botanical extract that has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and pain relieving properties in humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of an Investigational Study Product on Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness, Markers of Inflammation, Muscle Damage and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males

Knight¹,

Sperry²,

Smith³

et al. 2018

Journal of Nutrition and Health Sciences

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Benefits of dietary phytochemical supplementation on eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage: Is including antioxidants enough?

Cited by 34 publications

References 45 publications

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Adding Fish Oil to Whey Protein, Leucine, and Carbohydrate Over a Six-Week Supplementation Period Attenuates Muscle Soreness Following Eccentric Exercise in Competitive Soccer Players

Effects of a combined protein and antioxidant supplement on recovery of muscle function and soreness following eccentric exercise

A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effects of an Investigational Study Product on Exercise Induced Muscle Soreness, Markers of Inflammation, Muscle Damage and Exercise Performance in Healthy Males

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