Benzenedicarboxylic acid upregulates O48814 and Q9FJQ8 for improved nutritional contents of tomato and low risk of fungal attack

Abstract

BACKGROUND Tomato is an important food item and a cocktail of phytonutrients. In the current study, metabolites from a non‐pathogenic fungal species Penicillium oxalicum have been exploited to obtain nutritionally augmented tomato fruits from the plants to better withstand against Alternaria alternata infection. RESULTS Initially, bioactivity‐guided assay and chromatographic analyses identified the bioactive metabolites of P. oxalicum [benzenedicarboxylic acid (BDA) and benzimidazole]. Then, ≥3 times elevated quantities of vitamins and other nutritional elements (protein, fat, fibers, and carbohydrates) were achieved by the foliar application of BDA. The maximum increase (625.81%) was recorded in riboflavin contents; however, thiamine showed the second highest enhancement (542.86%). Plant metabolites analysis revealed that jasmonic acid contents were boosted 121.53% to significantly enhance guaiacyl lignin defenses along with the reduction in coumarin contents. The protein profile analysis explored three most actively responding protein species toward BDA applications, (i) palmitoyltransferase protein Q9FLM3; (ii) serine/threonine‐protein kinase O48814; and (iii) E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase Q9FJQ8. The O48814 improved plant defenses; whereas, Q9FJQ8 protein was negatively regulating cysteine‐type endopeptidase activity and assisted plant to resist schedule alterations. Tomato cultivar with more active innate metabolism was found to be more responsive toward BDA. Furthermore, the bioactive compounds were enriched by using the two‐step extraction method of ethyl acetate and chloroform, respectively. CONCLUSION Penicillium oxalicum a non‐pathogenic fungal species, produced BDA, induced nutritional contents in tomato and protected it against Alternaria alternata. The current study is the first report on the bioactivity of BDA and benzimidazole concerning the nutritional enhancement and plant defense improvement. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

Metabolic and Proteomic Perspectives of Augmentation of Nutritional Contents and Plant Defense in Vigna unguiculata

“…The current research precisely identifies PGK3 as a nutrition controlling protein in V. unguiculata grains, and also discovers its docking with nicotine ligand, for improved functionality. However, the improved activity of the TCA cycle ( Figure 9) could be responsible for disease control, as suggested by Ahmad et al [16].…”

“…Therefore, unveiling the glucanase defenses was included as one of the main tasks of the current study. It has been previously reported that the bioactive compounds alter the physiological parameters and change the nutritional contents in a plant [16]. Using the bioactive compound can pave our way toward nutritionally rich food, which would be helpful in feeding large human populations globally.…”

Classification of Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): An overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species

“…Extrolites : Penicillium oxalicum produces oxaline, meleagrin, glandicolin A & B, and roquefortine C ( Nagel et al., 1974 , Nagel et al., 1976 , Steyn and Vleggaar, 1983 , Chen et al., 2015 ), secalonic acids, paecilin C and penicillixanthone ( Steyn, 1970 , Li et al., 2010 , Kim et al., 2012 , Bao et al., 2013 , Wang et al., 2013b , Chen et al., 2015 , Liu et al., 2015 , Chen et al., 2019 ), oxalic acid ( Currie & Thom 1915 ), benzenedicarboxylic acid and benzimidazole ( Ahmad et al. 2019 ), (Z)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-2-foramidoacrylate and decaturins and oxalicins ( Ubillas et al., 1989 , Wang et al., 2013a , Li et al., 2015b , Zhang et al., 2015a ), 2,2’,4,4’-tetrahydroxy-8’-methyl-6-methoxy-acyl-ethyl-diphenylmethanone ( Liu et al., 2015 , Liu et al., 2016a ), hydroxyscytalone ( Ji et al.…”

Effect of targeted individualized nutrition support on patients with severe diseases during hospitalization

“…Nutrients play an important role in maintaining body functions, especially for patients with severe diseases. Inadequate nutrient intake and impaired utilization can directly induce or aggravate systemic inflammatory responses, exacerbating organ failure (Ahmad et al, 2019). At present, enteral and parenteral nutrition support methods are widely applicated (Nunes & Piuvezam 2019).…”