�ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle

Hahn, Otto; Straßmann, Fritz

doi:10.1007/bf01488241

Cited by 627 publications

(145 citation statements)

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“…Comparison with the macroscopic-microscopic finite-range liquid-drop model and the self-consistent approach employing the Gogny D1S energy density functional yields discrepancies. This demonstrates once more the need of dynamical fission calculations, as for both models the potential-energy surfaces lack pronounced structures, in contrast to the actinide region.Nuclear fission, the division of a heavy atomic nucleus into predominantly two parts, continues to provide new and unexpected features in spite of a long history of intensive theoretical and experimental studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The fission process is not only important for several applications, such as energy production and radiopharmacology, but also has a direct impact on the understanding of the fission recycling process in r -process nucleosynthesis [8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of fission-fragment mass distributions in the neutron-deficient lead region

Ghys¹,

Andreyev²,

Huyse³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. C

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Low-energy β-delayed fission of 194,196 At and 200,202 Fr was studied in detail at the mass separator ISOLDE at CERN. The fission-fragment mass distributions of daughter nuclei 194,196 Po and 202 Rn indicate a triple-humped structure, marking the transition between asymmetric fission of 178,180 Hg and symmetric fission in the light Ra-Rn nuclei. Comparison with the macroscopic-microscopic finite-range liquid-drop model and the self-consistent approach employing the Gogny D1S energy density functional yields discrepancies. This demonstrates once more the need of dynamical fission calculations, as for both models the potential-energy surfaces lack pronounced structures, in contrast to the actinide region.Nuclear fission, the division of a heavy atomic nucleus into predominantly two parts, continues to provide new and unexpected features in spite of a long history of intensive theoretical and experimental studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The fission process is not only important for several applications, such as energy production and radiopharmacology, but also has a direct impact on the understanding of the fission recycling process in r -process nucleosynthesis [8,9]. Therefore, a description of the fission process with reliable predictive power is needed, in particular for low-energy fission where the fission-fragment (FF) mass distributions are strongly * lars.ghys@fys.kuleuven.be sensitive to microscopic effects [4]. Mass distributions (MDs) are usually predominantly symmetric or asymmetric with the yields exhibiting a single peak or two distinct peaks, respectively. However, in several cases a mixture of two modes was observed [5]. Experimental observables characterizing various fission modes are the width of the MD peak(s), the position of these peaks in asymmetric mass division and total kinetic energy (TKE) of the FFs. The dominance of asymmetric fission in most of the actinide region beyond A = 226 up to about 256 Fm was attributed to strong microscopic effects of the heavier FF, near the doubly-magic 132 Sn [4,10,11]. However, nuclei such as 258 Fm and 259,260 Md exhibit complex MDs, each with a narrow and a broad symmetric component with a higher and lower TKE, respectively. 2This phenomenon is called bimodal fission [12][13][14][15]. Competition between symmetric and asymmetric fission, corresponding to respectively lower and higher TKE and resulting in a triple-humped MD has been reported around 226 Th [16][17][18]. These observations strongly support the hypothesis that nuclei may fission through several independent fission modes corresponding to different pre-scission shapes and fission paths in a multidimensional potential-energy landscape, referred to in literature as multimodal or multichannel fission [4,5,11,[16][17][18][19]. In the pre-actinide region, predominantly symmetric FF mass distributions were measured. A few relevant cases for the present discussion (see also Fig.1) are 195 Au, 198 Hg and 208,210 Po, studied by means of charged-particle induced reactions [20][21][22] and 204,206,...

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of fission-fragment mass distributions in the neutron-deficient lead region

Ghys¹,

Andreyev²,

Huyse³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. C

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“…4 In the above-mentioned letter to Meitner, Hahn ended by suggesting: "If there is anything you could propose that you could publish, then it would still in a way be work by the three of us!" 5 Hahn and Strassmann published their chemical findings at the beginning of January 1939 in the journal "Die Naturwissenschaften" [14]. Before Christmas, Hahn had also sent the manuscript to Meitner and she received it on 30 December 1938 at her vacation home in Kungälv, where she was visited by her nephew, Otto Robert Frisch, who was also living in exile.…”

Section: Horst Kantmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lise Meitner and the (supposed) transuranic elements

Kant

2012

Annalen der Physik

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“…In 1938, when the idea of thermonuclear fusion reactions as the energy source for stars was reasonably well developed (Bethe, 1939), nuclear fission and the nuclear fission chain reaction had not yet been discovered (Hahn and Strassmann, 1939). Astrophysicists assumed that the milliondegree-temperatures necessary for stellar thermonuclear ignition would be produced by the in-fall of dust and gas during star formation and have continued to make that assumption to the present, although clearly there have been signs of potential trouble with the concept.…”

Section: Yet Another Invisible Path At Logical Juncture: Thermonucleamentioning

confidence: 99%

Inseparability of science history and discovery

Herndon¹

2010

Hist. Geo Space. Sci.

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Abstract. Science is very much a logical progression through time. Progressing along a logical path of discovery is rather like following a path through the wilderness. Occasionally the path splits, presenting a choice; the correct logical interpretation leads to further progress, the wrong choice leads to confusion. By considering deeply the relevant science history, one might begin to recognize past faltering in the logical progression of observations and ideas and, perhaps then, to discover new, more precise understanding. The following specific examples of science faltering are described from a historical perspective: (1) Composition of the Earth's inner core; (2) Giant planet internal energy production; (3) Physical impossibility of Earth-core convection and Earth-mantle convection, and; (4) Thermonuclear ignition of stars. For each example, a revised logical progression is described, leading, respectively, to: (1) Understanding the endo-Earth's composition; (2) The concept of nuclear georeactor origin of geo-and planetary magnetic fields; (3) The invalidation and replacement of plate tectonics; and, (4) Understanding the basis for the observed distribution of luminous stars in galaxies. These revised logical progressions clearly show the inseparability of science history and discovery. A different and more fundamental approach to making scientific discoveries than the frequently discussed variants of the scientific method is this: An individual ponders and through tedious efforts arranges seemingly unrelated observations into a logical sequence in the mind so that causal relationships become evident and new understanding emerges, showing the path for new observations, for new experiments, for new theoretical considerations, and for new discoveries. Science history is rich in "seemingly unrelated observations" just waiting to be logically and causally related to reveal new discoveries.

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�ber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehenden Erdalkalimetalle

Cited by 627 publications

References 2 publications

Evolution of fission-fragment mass distributions in the neutron-deficient lead region

Evolution of fission-fragment mass distributions in the neutron-deficient lead region

Lise Meitner and the (supposed) transuranic elements

Inseparability of science history and discovery

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