Better targeting of farmers as a channel for poverty reduction: a systematic review of Farmer Field Schools targeting

Abstract

Agriculture Why targeting matters Examining the relationship between selection, participation and outcomes in farmer field school programmes February 2015 International Initiative for Impact Evaluation About 3ie The International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie) is an international grant-making NGO promoting evidence-informed development policies and programmes. We are the global leader in funding and producing high-quality evidence of what works, how, why and at what cost. We believe that better and policy-relevant evidence will make development more effective and improve people's lives. 3ie Systematic Reviews 3ie-supported and in-house reviews examine available high-quality evidence on the effects of social and economic development interventions in low-and middle-income countries. 3ie-supported systematic reviews follow scientifically recognised review methods, and are peer-reviewed and quality assured according to internationally accepted standards. Each review is independently reviewed by a subject specialist and an expert in systematic review methodology. 3ie is providing leadership in demonstrating rigorous review methodologies, such as using theory-based designs, for combining different types of evidence suited to respond to the complex and dynamic contexts and challenges of development. About this review All content of Why targeting matters: examining the relationship between selection, participation and outcomes in farmer field school programmes, 3ie Systematic Review 11 is the sole responsibility of the authors and does not represent the opinions of 3ie, its donors or its Board of Commissioners. Any errors are the sole responsibility of the authors. The affiliations listed for this review

Determinants of Small-Scale Farmers’ Intention to Use Smartphones for Generating Agricultural Knowledge in Developing Countries: Evidence from Rural India

“…The result on farmer readiness suggests that within the social and professional network, peers have a comparatively greater influence on Indian smallscale farmers' subjective norms. Such findings may seem surprising after capacity development activities in developing countries over the past decades have been predominated by frontal teaching methods, for instance in Farmer-Field-Schools (Phillips et al 2014). However, such measures may not have reached a large share of the rural population in India, which simultaneously provides an explanation for the importance of group dynamics in these close communities, many of which exist in developing countries' remote areas.…”

“…Smallholder farmers in the rural areas of developing countries are still especially disadvantaged with regard to capacities involving modern sustainable farming practices. In such a developing country context, the most common measures with which to disseminate knowledge over the past decades have been extension services such as Farmer-Field-Schools or Self-Help-Groups based on frontal teaching methods to farmers or with direct interaction with experts through a participatory and demand-driven approach (Phillips et al 2014). The necessity of personal presence and the resulting inequalities of access have been criticised as inhibiting such measures' efficiency (Phillips et al 2014).…”

Agribusiness development model for strengthening the chili-tobacco intercropping farmer group

“…The problems experienced so far are farming subsystems, marketing subsystems, production, and income, which are still classified as low categories. One of the efforts that have been made by the government in making an increase in Human Resources for farmers of the chili-tobacco intercropping is through the application of field schools, which have proven to be more effective in increasing farmers 'knowledge, skills, and attitudes towards farmers and can increase farmers' production and income (Rejesus et al, 2012;Phillips et al, 2014;Victor et al, 2017). Field schools will also open up the creativity of farmers in terms of knowledge, practice, and the use and preservation of natural enemies (Palis, 2006;Guoa et al, 2015;Lampe, 2016).…”

Evaluasi Program Sarjana Membangun Desa (SMD) dan Strategi Pengembangannya (Studi Kasus Provinsi Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat dan Nusa Tenggara Barat)

“…Menurut Clayton et al (2000) penyebab dari kegagalan yang bersifat top-down adalah: (1) kegagalan menangkap isu yang berkembang di masyarakat, (2) kegagalan informasi akibat ketiadaan data atau tidak diperolehnya data secara memadai, (3) kegagalan menyatukan upaya dan sasaran dari berbagai aktivitas/ proyek yang ada, (4) kegagalan institusi yakni akibat tidak bekerjanya institusi yang ada secara memadai, serta (5) kegagalan mempersatukan visi seluruh stakeholders. Philips et al (2014) menyatakan bahwa penetapan kriteria sangat penting dilakukan agar tujuan program dapat tercapai. Kriteria penerima program SMD telah ditetapkan melalui Pedoman Pelaksanaan Program SMD yang terdiri atas kriteria sarjana pendamping dan kriteria kelompok ternak.…”