“…Thus, simultaneously and contradictorily, population movement was both a register of modernization and regime legitimation as well as an absolute threat to that legitimation (Cirniala, 2014: 45). Movement was essential to the development project of socialist regimes, illustrated by improved roads, railroads, and other public transportation, the growth of private automobile ownership (Siegelbaum, 2013), encouragement of internal tourism, and even the occasional dispensation of passports for touring abroad (Stefan, 2014). At the same time, individual access to mobility and transportation implied the potential escape of individuals from the eyes of the police and eased entry of people into places where the Party's domination of corporate life was also largely absent.…”