Biaxial mechanical characterization of bat wing skin

Abstract

PAPER Biaxial mechanical characterization of bat wing skinTo cite this article: A J Skulborstad et al 2015 Bioinspir. Biomim. 10 036004 Manuscript version: Accepted ManuscriptAccepted Manuscript is "the version of the article accepted for publication including all changes made as a result of the peer review process, and which may also include the addition to the article by IOP Publishing of a header, an article ID, a cover sheet and/or an 'Accepted Manuscript' watermark, but excluding any other editing, typesetting or other changes made by IOP Publishing and/or its licensors" This Accepted Manuscript is © © 2015 IOP Publishing Ltd.During the embargo period (the 12 month period from the publication of the Version of Record of this article), the Accepted Manuscript is fully protected by copyright and cannot be reused or reposted elsewhere. As the Version of Record of this article is going to be / has been published on a subscription basis, this Accepted Manuscript is available for reuse under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence after the 12 month embargo period.After the embargo period, everyone is permitted to use copy and redistribute this article for non-commercial purposes only, provided that they adhere to all the terms of the licence https://creativecommons.org/licences/by-nc-nd/3.0 Although reasonable endeavours have been taken to obtain all necessary permissions from third parties to include their copyrighted content within this article, their full citation and copyright line may not be present in this Accepted Manuscript version. Before using any content from this article, please refer to the Version of Record on IOPscience once published for full citation and copyright details, as permissions will likely be required. All third party content is fully copyright protected, unless specifically stated otherwise in the figure caption in the Version of Record.View the article online for updates and enhancements.This content was downloaded from IP address 52.183.12.225 on 07/06/2019 at 15:51This content was downloaded from IOPscience Manuscript version: Accepted ManuscriptThe "Accepted Manuscript" is the author's original version of an article including any changes made following the peer review process but excluding any editing, typesetting or other changes made by IOP Publishing and/or its licensors.During the embargo period (the 12 month period from publication of the Version of Record of this article), the Accepted Manuscript:• is fully protected by copyright and can only be accessed by subscribers to the journal;• cannot be reused or reposted elsewhere by anyone unless an exception to this policy has been agreed in writing with IOP PublishingAs the Version of Record of this article is going to be/has been published on a subscription basis, this Accepted Manuscript will be available for reuse under a CC BY-NC-ND 3.0 licence after a 12 month embargo period.After the embargo period, everyone is permitted to copy and redistribute this article for Non-Commercial purposes only, provided they*:• give appropriate credit and ...

Imaging biological surface topography in situ and in vivo

“…h) shows the structure of muscles and the associated connective tissue. The muscles are the smoother fibres oriented from the lower left to the upper right of the image and the connective tissue are the more kinked lines running in the opposite orientation (Skulborstad, Swartz & Goulbourne ). This organization of muscles and elastic fibres allows the bat wing to be both flexible and controllable (Skulborstad, Swartz & Goulbourne ).…”

Characterizing wing tears in common pipistrelles (Pipistrellus pipistrellus): investigating tear distribution, wing strength, and possible causes

“…As strips from the P section tended to be wider than those from the other sections (Table 1), component stiffness (force at failure divided by sample width, divided by failure strain) was also calculated to control for sample width but not thickness. Results were quasi-linear and did not exhibit the 2-part loading curve, with “toe” and “upturn” regions, demonstrated by Skulborstad et al (2015); therefore, a single gradient was calculated from the major linear region of each stress–strain curve.…”

The stiffness of living tissues and its implications for tissue engineering

“…Parallels could also be drawn between laminated composite materials and organs such as the skin, which is composed of three layers of distinct but interacting tissue (epidermis, dermis and hypodermis). The skin has bulk elastic moduli of up to several hundred kPa 117 whereas the fibre-reinforced dermis 118 has elastic moduli of around 35-150 kPa and the hypodermis has elastic moduli of around 2 kPa, similar to adipose tissue 111,112,119,120 . The lens of the eye comprises a stiff capsule with elastic moduli of 2-3 MPa and a very soft core (0.8-11.8 kPa) [121][122][123][124] .…”