Bilaminar Device of Poly(Lactic‐co‐Glycolic Acid)/Collagen Cultured With Adipose‐Derived Stem Cells for Dermal Regeneration

Abstract

Several materials are commercially available as substitutes for skin. However, new strategies are needed to improve the treatment of skin wounds. In this study, we developed and characterized a new device consisting of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and collagen associated with mesenchymal stem cells derived from human adipose tissue. To develop the bilaminar device, we initially obtained a membrane of PLGA by dissolving the copolymer in chloroform and then produced a collagen type I scaffold by freeze-drying. The materials were characterized physically by gel permeation chromatography, scanning electron microscopy, and mass loss. Biological activity was assessed by cell proliferation assay. A preliminary study in vivo was performed with a pig model in which tissue regeneration was assessed macroscopically and histologically, the commercial device Integra being used as a control. The PLGA/collagen bilaminar material was porous, hydrolytically degradable, and compatible with skin growth. The polymer complex allowed cell adhesion and proliferation, making it a potentially useful cell carrier. In addition, the transparency of the material allowed monitoring of the lesion when the dressings were changed. Xenogeneic mesenchymal cells cultured on the device (PLGA/collagen/ASC) showed a reduced granulomatous reaction to bovine collagen, down-regulation of α-SMA, enhancement in the number of neoformed blood vessels, and collagen organization as compared with normal skin; the device was superior to other materials tested (PLGA/collagen and Integra) in its ability to stimulate the formation of new cutaneous tissue.

Concise Review: Using Fat to Fight Disease: A Systematic Review of Nonhomologous Adipose-Derived Stromal/Stem Cell Therapies

“…These effects may be mediated by the immunomodulatory and angiogenic capacities of SVF and ASC, which lead to increased capillary density, enhanced re‐epithelialization, and increased granulation tissue (Fig. I) . ASC also reduce scar formation likely through inhibition of collagen synthesis in late phases of wound healing .…”

“…I) . ASC also reduce scar formation likely through inhibition of collagen synthesis in late phases of wound healing . Chae et al further explored the differences in effects between SVF and ASC and found that SVF led to faster wound healing .…”

Combined therapy for critical limb ischaemia: Biomimetic PLGA microcarriers potentiates the pro-angiogenic effect of adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells

“…Biomaterials are commonly used in regenerative medicine to structure failing organs or tissue, as a scaffold, or to deliver cells or molecules, as vectors. PLGA polymers, for instance, are already used with adipose stem cells in different contexts: dermal (Domingues et al, ), peripheral nerve (Schuh et al, ), muscle (Kim et al, ) and corneal (Ma, Bao, Cui, & Zou, ) regeneration, osteogenic differentiation (Awidi et al, ), and engineered urinary bladder smooth muscle (Jack et al, ).…”

Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapies for Skin Repair and Regeneration

“…ASCs have been widely explored for skin application given its common mesoderm layer origins. Biomaterial-delivered ASCs is a common approach, including stem cell delivery methods on extracellular matrix scaffolds, hydrogels, and biodegradable polymers [18][19][20][21][22]. In one study, development of an injectable, thermosensitive hydrogel was explored [22].…”