Bile Acid‐binding Ability of Kaki‐tannin from Young Fruits of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) In Vitro and In Vivo

Matsumoto, Kenji; Kadowaki, Akio; Ozaki, Natsumi; Takenaka, Makiko; Ono, Hiroshi; Yokoyama, Shin-ichiro; Gato, Nobuki

doi:10.1002/ptr.3306

Cited by 51 publications

(51 citation statements)

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“…Therefore, young persimmon fruits can act as bile acid-binding agents in vivo. We also found that a highly polymerized tannin (kaki-tannin) is a functional constituent of young persimmon fruits, and demonstrated its beneficial effects against dyslipidemia, including the promotion of fecal bile acid excretion, in mice [11,12]. More recently, crude fiber prepared from young persimmon fruits was found to be responsible for this bile acid-binding property, and the extent of binding was correlated with the condensed tannin content [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

Persimmon Fruit Tannin-Rich Fiber Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Humans

et al. 2012

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Bile acid-binding agents are known to lower blood cholesterol levels and have been clinically used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. We previously showed that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon (Diospyros kaki) fruits had bile acid-binding properties. In this study, we performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the hypocholesterolemic effects of tannin-rich fiber in humans. The subjects (n = 40, plasma total cholesterol levels 180–259 mg/dl) were divided into 3 groups and ingested cookie bars containing 0 g (placebo group, n = 14), 3 g (low-dose group, n = 13), or 5 g (high-dose group, n = 13) of tannin-rich fiber 3 times daily before meals for 12 weeks. Plasma total cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the low-dose (12 weeks, p < 0.005) and high-dose (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001) groups. In addition, plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly in the high-dose group (6 weeks, p < 0.05; 12 weeks, p < 0.001). These improvements were not accompanied by changes in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or plasma triglyceride levels. Our findings indicate that tannin-rich fiber from young persimmon fruits is a useful food material for treating hypercholesterolemia.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persimmon Fruit Tannin-Rich Fiber Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Humans

et al. 2012

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“…It has also been reported that EGCg can beneficially modify the glucose metabolism of diabetic rodents (23), and that green tea extract can improve plasma cholesterol levels in rodents (24). Highly polymerized tannins in persimmon could be partially hydrolyzed in the presence of HCl solution (6,7), suggesting that the catechins generated from tannins during digestion might play some beneficial role in cholesterol and glucose metabolism.…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysis In the Liver Ewat And Batmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…No sig- nificant changes were observed in the expression of the Shp, Hmgcr, Fas, Gck, or Ucp1 genes. The tannins in persimmon primarily consist of epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin-3-O-gallate, and epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) (6,7,12), which are reported to be the main polyphenolic components of green tea (22). It has also been reported that EGCg can beneficially modify the glucose metabolism of diabetic rodents (23), and that green tea extract can improve plasma cholesterol levels in rodents (24).…”

Section: Gene Expression Analysis In the Liver Ewat And Batmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, daily intake of powder prepared from the Hiratanenashi cultivar reduced the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels in humans (6). As an example of the functional constituents of the fruit, we identified a highly polymerized tannin with high bile acid-binding ability, which had a hypocholesterolemic effect in mice (7,8).To identify the appropriate persimmon cultivars for use as food materials that provide health benefits, we examined the bile acid-binding abilities of 10 cultivars and found that the tannin content of the dried fruit is related to its bile acid-binding ability in vitro (9). However, there has been no comparison of the effects of different cultivars on lipid and glucose metabolism in vivo.…”

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Comparison of the Effects of Three Persimmon Cultivars on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Matsumoto

Takekawa

2014

J Nutr Sci Vitaminol

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In Japan, more than 1,000 cultivars of persimmon (Diospyros kaki) have been identified. The fruit of nonastringent cultivars loses its astringency naturally during its development, whereas the fruit of astringent cultivars retains its astringency until the soft overripened stage. The area of persimmon fruit production in Japan has declined gradually since 1996 (1). Therefore, properties that increase the value of persimmon fruit, such as their ability to confer health benefits, must be identified to allow persimmon farmers to improve and promote their crops.A hypocholesterolemic effect of persimmon fruit has been observed in some hyperlipidemic animal models (2-4). When dried, the young fruit (Hachiya cultivar) has bile acid-binding ability and increases the fecal bile acid excretion in mice (5). A hypolipidemic effect and an increased expression of the hepatic cytochrome P450 7A1 gene (Cyp7a1) were observed in mice fed dried young persimmon fruit. Moreover, daily intake of powder prepared from the Hiratanenashi cultivar reduced the total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol levels in humans (6). As an example of the functional constituents of the fruit, we identified a highly polymerized tannin with high bile acid-binding ability, which had a hypocholesterolemic effect in mice (7,8).To identify the appropriate persimmon cultivars for use as food materials that provide health benefits, we examined the bile acid-binding abilities of 10 cultivars and found that the tannin content of the dried fruit is related to its bile acid-binding ability in vitro (9). However, there has been no comparison of the effects of different cultivars on lipid and glucose metabolism in vivo. In this study, we investigated the effects of the young fruits of three cultivars that differed in their bile acidbinding abilities and tannin contents on the lipid and glucose metabolism of high-fat diet-fed mice. MATERIALS AND METHODSPersimmon samples. Young fruits (approximately 6 cm in diameter) of the Hachiya and Fuyu cultivars were harvested in Gifu Prefecture, and those of the Hiratanenashi cultivar were harvested in Wakayama Prefecture. Over 20 kg of the fruits (with skin and seeds, but without calyx) was sliced and dried at 60˚C using a ViVi-9 food drier (Vianove, Tokyo, Japan), and then roughly powdered. This process was performed by Nakano BC Corporation (Kainan, Wakayama, Japan). The powdered samples were thoroughly washed with tap water to remove any water-soluble components, such as sugars and soluble tannins. After the samples were dried again at 60˚C for 8 h using a DSJ-7-1 food drier (Shizuoka Seiki, Fukuroi, Japan), they were powdered again using a Wonder Blender WB-1 (Osaka Chemical, Osaka, Comparison of the Effects of Three Persimmon Cultivars on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice Kenji Matsumoto and Kanako TakekawaDepartment of Food Science, Ishikawa Prefectural University, 1-308 Suematsu, Nonoichi, Ishikawa 921-8836, Japan (Received February 24, 2014) Summary We compared the effect...

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Prevention of the rise in plasma cholesterol and glucose levels by kaki‐tannin and characterization of its bile acid binding capacity

2020

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BACKGROUND Bile acid‐binding agents, such as cholestyramine and colesevelam, improve both cholesterol and glucose metabolism. Kaki‐tannin, a polymerized condensed tannin derived from persimmon (Diospyros kaki), has been shown to have bile acid‐binding capacity and a hypocholesterolemic effect. However, its effects on glucose metabolism have not been well studied, and the binding selectivity of kaki‐tannin to bile acid molecules has not been reported. RESULTS In vivo experiments using mice with high‐fat diet‐induced obesity showed that kaki‐tannin intake (20 g kg−1 of the diet) increased fecal bile acid excretion by 2.3‐fold and prevented a rise in plasma cholesterol levels and fasting plasma glucose levels. Kaki‐tannin also suppressed the development of impaired glucose tolerance. To characterize the bile acid‐binding capacity of kaki‐tannin, we investigated its capacity to bind to eight types of bile acid and cholesterol in vitro. Kaki‐tannin showed strong capacity to bind to lithocholic acid (85.5%), which has one hydroxy group. It also showed moderate capacity to bind to bile acids with two hydroxy groups (53.3%), followed by those with three hydroxy groups (39.0%), but kaki‐tannin did not show binding capacity to cholesterol. These results suggest that the binding capacity of kaki‐tannin to bile acids tends to decrease as the number of hydroxy groups increases. Interestingly, the binding capacity of kaki‐tannin correlated with that of cholestyramine (correlation coefficient: r = 0.900). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that kaki‐tannin binds preferentially to bile acids with fewer hydroxy groups and has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism as well as cholesterol metabolism. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry

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Bile Acid‐binding Ability of Kaki‐tannin from Young Fruits of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) In Vitro and In Vivo

Cited by 51 publications

References 10 publications

Persimmon Fruit Tannin-Rich Fiber Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Humans

Persimmon Fruit Tannin-Rich Fiber Reduces Cholesterol Levels in Humans

Comparison of the Effects of Three Persimmon Cultivars on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice

Prevention of the rise in plasma cholesterol and glucose levels by kaki‐tannin and characterization of its bile acid binding capacity

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