Bilingualism and Interlingual Interference

Durga, R.

doi:10.1177/002202217894002

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For instance, aging has been associated with increased interference between the two languages. 14 Interference has been defined as the transference of elements of one language to another at various levels (phonological, grammatical, lexical and orthographical). 15 Alternation, or code switching, between languages occurs commonly amongst bilinguals and may take a number of different forms, including alternation of sentences and phrases from both languages one after the other, and switching within long narratives.…”

Section: Bilingualism During Normal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and abnormal aging in bilinguals

Ardila

Ramos

2008

Dement. neuropsychol.

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Bilinguals use two different language systems to mediate not only social communication, but also cognitive processes. Potential differences between bilinguals and monolinguals in task-solving strategies and patterns of cognitive decline during normal and abnormal aging have been suggested.Main contributionA research review of the area suggests that normal aging is associated with increased interference between the two languages and tendency to retreat to a single language. General cognitive functioning has been found to be higher in demented bilingual patients if communication is carried out in L1 rather than in L2. Recent research has reported that bilingualism can have a protective effect during aging, attenuating the normal cognitive decline associated with aging, and delaying the onset of dementia.ConclusionsRegardless of the significant heterogeneity of bilingualism and the diversity of patterns in language use during life-span, current research suggests that bilingualism is associated with preserved cognitive test performance during aging, and potentially can have some protective effect in dementia.

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Section: Bilingualism During Normal Agingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normal and abnormal aging in bilinguals

Ardila

Ramos

2008

Dement. neuropsychol.

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“…The fact that the EOWPVT consists almost entirely of nouns may affect its difficulty level when contrasted with the PPVT-R's higher percentage of adjective and verb forms. This item content difference could obscure performance differences attributable to the response modalities of these two vocabulary tests and lead to erroneous interpretations, particularly when assessing the unique language abilities of bilingual, Mexican-American children (Clifton, Sorce, Schaye, & Fiszman, 1978;Durga, 1978). To evaluate these issues, this study examines the concurrent validity of the EOWPVT with the PPVT-R for bilingual, Mexican-American elementary school children.…”

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confidence: 99%

The concurrent validity of the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test for Mexican-American children

Teuber

Furlong

1985

Psychol. Schs.

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The Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT) and the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) were administered to 50 bilingual, Mexican-American children in grades 3-5. The students' relative performance on these two vocabulary tests, as well as their error patterns, was examined. The results revealed that the EOWPVT has adequate concurrent validity with the PPVT-R, and that on both tests the students' scores were almost two standard deviations below the normative mean. The outcome indicating that the expressive vocabulary score was higher than the receptive vocabulary score is explained in terms of differences of item content and in the composition of the norm samples for the two tests. Items that generated high error rates are identified to facilitate appropriate interpretation of the EOWPVT when used with Mexican-American children.The Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test (EOWPVT) (Gardner, 1979(Gardner, , 1983) offers a potentially useful complementary test to the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) (Dunn & Dunn, 1981). Whereas the PPVT-R has been the subject of numerous validity studies that cut across age levels, ethnic groups, and clinical samples (Bracken, McCallum, & Prasse, 1984), the EOWPVT has received limited validation. The EOWPVT manual (Gardner, 1979) suggests that this expressive vocabulary test can be administered to Mexican-American children, but reports validity coefficients of .67, .70, and .77 between the EOWPVT and the PPVT-R for only three samples of nonminority preschool children. In one other study, Furlong and Teuber (1984) found concurrent validity coefficients of .80 and S8, respectively, between the EOWPVT and PPVT-R for younger (6-9 years old) and older (10-12 years old) learning disabled students. However, the learning disabled students actually obtained higher scores on the EOWPVT than on the PPVT-R, a counterintuitive finding. Thus, although moderate concurrent validity coefficients for the EOWPVT have been found, it still remains to verify these findings for special populations such as Mexican-American children.In evaluating the validity of the EOWPVT, Furlong and Teuber (1984) suggested that the disproportionate number of nouns in the EOWPVT (97%) compared with the PPVT-R (Form L: 80%; Form M: 72%) confounds attempts to evaluate the test's construct validity. With vocabulary tests of equivalent difficulty, one would ordinarily expect higher scores on a receptive measure than on its expressive counterpart. This is due to the more complex response requirements of a recall (expressive) vs. a recognition (receptive) task (Ellis, 1978). The fact that the EOWPVT consists almost entirely of nouns may affect its difficulty level when contrasted with the PPVT-R's higher percentage of adjective and verb forms. This item content difference could obscure performance differences attributable to the response modalities of these two vocabulary tests and lead to erroneous interpretations, particularly when assessing the unique language abilities of bilin...

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“…Given the research evidence suggesting that bilinguals differ substantially from monolinguals in their semantic structure, their interpretation and use of words, etc. (Durga 1978;Landar et al 1960;H u h et al 1983), administering surveys to bilinguals is justifiable only if it is the attitudes of bilinguals alone that one wishes to assess. Most cross-cultural research is not focused specifically on bilingual cultural differences, but on cultural differences between more broadly generalizable samples of subjects, i.e., monolinguals.…”

Section: B B Ellir Et At! / a R T I D Survey Transhiommentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Attitude Survey Translations an Investigation Using Item Response Theory

Ellis¹,

Minsel²,

Becker³

1989

International Journal of Psychology

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The fidelity of a translated s w c y instrument used to measure attitudes toward mental health was evaluated using statistical methods based on item respotwe t h e w . Data from French and German versions of the attitude surycy w m analyzed, and items that displayed differenrid iremfmctioning (dif) werc identified. Item chcvaclerirtic curvu (ICCs) wcre examined to detamine whetha the source of df d d be attributed to errors in translation or differences in cultural experiences or knowledge. The proposal by Humphreys and Hulin for using ICCs to determine the source of dif is evaluated.Measuring attitudes cross-culturally entails the same basic problem that is associated with cross-cultural administration of any paper-andpencil test or survey. The problem is one of establishing the equivalence of the measurement instrument across the groups surveyed. Unless it can be established that the survey instrument itself is equivalent for all the groups, it cannot be used to compare their respective scores.When the comparison groups speak different languages, an additional problem arises. Is the survey more likely to be equivalent if administered in a single language, or should the instrument be translated into the native language of the subject? Some researchers favor the administration of the survey in only one language to bilingual Requests for reprints should be sent to B.B. Ellis,

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Bilingualism and Interlingual Interference

Cited by 10 publications

References 13 publications

Normal and abnormal aging in bilinguals

Normal and abnormal aging in bilinguals

The concurrent validity of the Expressive One-Word Picture Vocabulary Test for Mexican-American children

Evaluation of Attitude Survey Translations an Investigation Using Item Response Theory

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