Bioactive glass-collagen/poly (glycolic acid) scaffold nanoparticles exhibit improved biological properties and enhance osteogenic lineage differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

Abstract

Today’s using tissue engineering and suitable scaffolds have got attention to increase healing of non-union bone fractures. In this study, we aimed to prepare and characterize scaffolds with functional and mechanical properties suitable for bone regeneration. Porous scaffolds containing collagen-poly glycolic acid (PGA) blends and various quantities of bioactive glass (BG) 45S5 were fabricated. Scaffolds with different compositions (BG/collagen-PGA ratios (w/w): 0/100; 40/60; 70/30) were characterized for their morphological properties, bioactivity, and mechanical behavior. Then, biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation potential of the scaffolds were analyzed by seeding mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Scaffolds made with collagen-PGA combined with the BG (45S5) were found to have interconnected pores (average pore diameter size 75–115 µm) depending on the percentage of the BG added. Simulated body fluid (SBF) soaking experiments indicated the stability of scaffolds in SBF regardless of their compositions, while the scaffolds retained their highly interconnected structure. The elastic moduli, cell viability, osteogenic differentiation of the BG/collagen-PGA 40/60 and 70/30 scaffolds were superior to the original BG/collagen-PGA (0/100). These results suggest that BG incorporation enhanced the physical stability of our collagen-PGA scaffold previously reported. This new scaffold composition provides a promising platform to be used as a non-toxic scaffold for bone regeneration and tissue engineering.

Bioglass/collagen scaffolds combined with bone marrow stromal cells on bone healing in an experimental model in cranial defects in rats

“…Possibly, the biomimetic composites were able of stimulating bone metabolism, especially due to osteoconductive properties and ability to attract cells of BG. 11,16 Additionally, the collagenic part possibly served a matrix for sustaining cell growth. Associated to all these positive effects, the BMSCs may have differentiated in pre-osteoblastic cells and osteoblast, which possibly resulted in a higher newly formed bone deposition in the region of the defect.…”

“…5,8 BG, with the composition of 46.1% SiO 2 , 24.4% Na 2 O, 26.9% CaO and 2.6% P 2 O 5 , in mol, is known by its high bioactivity and ability to interact with bone tissue, stablishing a biologically apatite layer, with the release of ions such as silica, calcium and phosphate and stimulation of cell attraction and growth and deposition of newly formed bone. 8–11…”

“…23,26,27 Some studies have shown that MSCs were able proliferating in BG scaffolds. 11,28 Gurumurthy et al (2020) demonstrated, BG incorporated COL scaffolds were able increasing cell attachment and proliferation with increased ALP activity, osteocalcin content, and mineralized deposit formation during a three-week culture of in human adipose-derived stem cells. 28…”

“…5,8 BG, with the composition of 46.1% SiO 2 , 24.4% Na 2 O, 26.9% CaO and 2.6% P 2 O 5 , in mol, is known by its high bioactivity and ability to interact with bone tissue, stablishing a biologically apatite layer, with the release of ions such as silica, calcium and phosphate and stimulation of cell attraction and growth and deposition of newly formed bone. [8][9][10][11] In addition, the inclusion of an organic material such as collagen (COL) to BG, constituting a biomimetic with a similar composition to bone tissue, has also demonstrated very promising results for bone tissue healing. [12][13][14][15][16] COL, mainly type I, is one of the key components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in vertebrates, with important mechanical and biological roles.…”

Scaphoid Bone Nonunions: Clinical and Functional Outcomes of Collagen/PGA Scaffolds and Cell-Based Therapy

“…The clinical applications of the generated scaffolds are constrained since too much glutaraldehyde might have unfavorable toxic effects. , The crosslinking in our proposed formulation is dehydrothermal at high temperature rather than chemical glutaraldehyde application . After optimizing our collagen-based scaffold formulation in terms of the collagen and poly­(glycolic acid) (PGA) ratio in our previous studies, we have reported on autologous bone replacement modalities prepared from human bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs) embedded in collagen/PGA (CPGA) scaffolds in laboratory and animal settings. − Following an expansion (ex vivo) and osteogenic differentiation induction (short-term), we showed that the BM-MSCs were alive and capable of proliferation and terminal differentiation into osteoblast cells . Furthermore, we successfully tested the bone healing properties of a new tissue engineering cell therapy/scaffold using MSCs derived from rabbit fat tissue embedded in the CPGA scaffold.…”