Biochemical and physiological responses of two clam species to Triclosan combined with climate change scenario

Abstract

Ocean acidification and warming are among the man-induced factors that most likely impact aquatic wildlife worldwide. Besides effects caused by temperature rise and lowered pH conditions, chemicals of current use can also adversely affect aquatic organisms. Both climate change and emerging pollutants, including toxic impacts in marine invertebrates, have been investigated in recent years. However, less information is available on the combined effects of these physical and chemical stressors that, in nature, occur simultaneously. Thus, this study contrasts the effects caused by the antimicrobial agent and plastic additive, Triclosan (TCS) in the related clams Ruditapes philippinarum (invasive) and Ruditapes decussatus (native) and evaluates if the impacts are influenced by combined temperature and pH modifications.Organisms were acclimated for 30 days at two conditions (control: 17 ºC; pH 8.1 and climate change scenario: 20 ºC, pH 7.7) in the absence of the drug (experimental period I) followed by a 7 days exposure under the same water physical parameters but either in absence (unexposed) or presence of TCS at 1 µg/L (experimental period II). Biochemical responses covering metabolic, oxidative defences and damage-related biomarkers were contrasted in clams at the end of experimental period II. The overall picture showed a well-marked antioxidant activation and higher TCS bioaccumulation of the drug under the forecasted climate scenario despite a reduction on respiration rate and metabolism in the exposed clams. Since clams are highly consumed shellfish, the consequences for higher tissue bioaccumulation of anthropogenic chemicals to final consumers should be alerted not only at present conditions but more significantly under predicted climatic conditions for humans but also for other components of the marine trophic chain.

Predicting Consumer Green Product Purchase Attitudes and Behavioral Intention During COVID-19 Pandemic

“…Many researchers pointed that consumers’ attitudes motivate consumption behavioral intention ( Costell et al, 2010 ). Other previous literature investigated consumers’ perception and satisfaction as a significant component of consumers’ attitudes and loyalty ( Costa et al, 2020 ; Rahman et al, 2021 ). Sadiq et al (2021) reported that consumers’ attitude is a crucial dimension in determining consumption behavioral intention.…”

The use of an in vitro approach to assess marine invertebrate carboxylesterase responses to chemicals of environmental concern

“…TCS exposure (100 µM) in vitro affected mussel CEs causing a 72% inhibition of the activity, corroborating previous results (Solé and Sanchez-Hernandez, 2018), while its effects on crustaceans was more moderate albeit significant (≈ 20%). TCS is able to accumulate in bivalves and cause in vivo metabolic disturbances (Costa et al, 2020;Kookana et al, 2013;Matozzo et al, 2012;Pirone et al, 2019;Serra-Compte et al, 2018) but no inclusion of CE measures had been considered in these former studies. TCS toxicity was assessed in the marine decapod crustacean Palaemon varians using an avoidance test (Araujo et al, 2019) and in the marine gastropod Haliotis tuberculate through in vitro toxicity tests using gill cell cultures and hemocytes (Gaume et al, 2013).…”

Does Thermal Stress Modulate the Biochemical and Physiological Responses of Ruditapes Decussatus Exposed to the Progestin Levonorgestrel?

“…It is well known that heat stress caused by elevated temperature constitutes a principal challenge to marine organisms, affecting their metabolism (Louis et al, 2020; which can make them more sensitive to chemical exposure. Conversely, chemical exposure may affect the organism ability to cope with thermal stress (Nardi et al, 2018 ;Costa et al, 2020). Our results revealed that the combined effect of levonorgestrel and higher temperature of 28°C caused a high lipoperoxidation marked by elevated TBARS production.…”

“…Numerous studies have reported the potential negative impact of increased temperature on bivalves, such as changes in their respiratory rate (Jansen et al 2009), their metabolism (Anestis et al 2007) and their immune responses (Malagoli et al, 2007), altering sexual maturation (Martıńez and Pérez, 2003), reducing survival (Arnberg et al, 2013), inducing abnormal larval development and reducing fertility and growth of larvae and juveniles (Nguyen et al, 2012). This toxic situation can be more dramatic when the marine organism is exposed to thermal and chemical stresses; because chemical pollutants can be strongly affected by warming seawater and the sensitivity of organisms to chemicals can be modi ed by heat stress (Costa et al, 2020. In addition, pollutants can damage the ability of organisms to respond to rapid increases in temperature (Hooper et al, 2013;Noyes and Lema, 2015).…”