Biocompatibility evaluation of glycolide‐containing polyesters in contact with osteoblasts and fibroblasts

Abstract

Biodegradable aliphatic polyesters have numerous biomedical applications and their capacity to degrade in biological fluids provides the significant advantage of their removal. Three glycolide-containing aliphatic polyesters: a copolymer of glycolide and L-lactide (PGLA), a terpolymer of glycolide, L-lactide and e-caprolactone (PGLCap) and a copolymer of glycolide, and e-caprolactone (PGCap) were tested to evaluate their biocompatibility towards osteoblasts and fibroblasts. Each of the polymer units was previously reported to have acceptable biological properties and good biodegradability, and PGLA is already used for biomedical applications. Here we report that both PGLCap and PGCap affected cell adherence, and compromised cell viability as estimated by flow cytometric analyses of apoptotic and necrotic cells. The two polymers enhanced also production of numerous inflammation-related factors: nitric oxide, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and cytokines, including proinflammatory TNF-a, IL-1b, IL-6, and chemokines (IL-8 or MCP-1) attracting leukocytes. The effects of PGLCap and PGCap were similar despite the fact that they possess different characteristics: amorphous/smooth surface and semicristalline/rough surface, respectively. However, their common feature, distinctive from PGLA, is a presence of e-caprolactone units in their structure. This compound is considered to be acceptably biocompatible but our data suggest that its copolymerization with glycolide and L-lactide does not provide satisfactory biocompatibility towards osteoblasts and fibroblasts.

Endothelial Cell Lining of PET Vascular Prostheses: Modification with Degradable Polyester-based Copolymers and Adhesive Protein Multi-layers

“…PLG proves to be biocompatible, but PLGC reduces the adhesion of all cell types and enhances the activation of macrophages. This undesired effect is attributed to the presence of ε-caprolactone units that endow the polymers with low polarity and higher deformability [30,35]. In our present study, PET-PLG and -PLGC were seeded with bovine EC and, consistently with the previous tests, the lowest EC proliferation occurred on PET-PLGC ( Figure 2C) even when modified with ECM proteins (Figure 3B and 3E).…”

“…PLG and PLGC were dissolved in methylene chloride (POCh, Gliwice, Poland) at a concentration of 5% (w/v). The detailed characteristics of PLG and PLGC processed in the form of foils by solvent casting can be found elsewhere [30,35]. These characteristics included: composition, molecular weights, thermal properties, surface chemical composition, contact angles, Surface Free Energies (SFEs), surface topography and average roughness (R a ) as well as mechanical properties in a tensile test.…”

Poly(L-lactide-co-glycolide) thin films can act as autologous cell carriers for skin tissue engineering

“…However, when compared to TCPS, the proliferation ratio of fibroblasts cultured on these scaffolds was significantly decreased [36]. Studies performed previously by our group showed that PLGA processed into form foils stimulated the typical functions of L929 fibroblasts [26,27,37] and did not induce the release of proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages [29]. Moreover, PLGA foils were found to degrade almost completely after 30 weeks of implantation into rat skeletal muscle [32].…”

“…In previous studies, we performed in vitro and in vivo analyses of several resorbable aliphatic polyesters containing L-lactide, glycolide, ε-caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate with the aim of using them in bone tissue engineering [24][25][26][27]. All of our materials were synthesized with the use of a biocompatible initiator (zirconium (IV) acetylacetonate), in contrast to typically applied tin compounds [28,29].…”

Research on a Nonwoven Fabric Made from Multi-Block Biodegradable Copolymer Based on l-Lactide, Glycolide, and Trimethylene Carbonate with Shape Memory

“…Apart from the shape memory characteristic, the terpolymers based on PLGA and TMC are biocompatible and bioresorbable polymers, which makes them more valuable materials as medical implants. The biocompatibility and biodegradability were confirmed by authoritative in vitro and in vivo studies [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. In vitro tests on human chondrocytes settled on the PLLAGATMC matrix confirmed its biocompatibility before and after the degradation process, which lasted 90 days, and there was 7.4% mass loss.…”