Biocompatibility of Pristine Graphene Monolayers, Nanosheets and Thin Films

Conroy, Jack; Verma, Navin Kumar; Smith, Ronan J.; Rezvani, Ehsan; Duesberg, Georg S.; Coleman, Jonathan N.; Volkov, Yuri

doi:10.48550/arxiv.1406.2497

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…First, we note that recent in vitro tests in our lab have shown liquid exfoliated graphene to display virtually no toxicity toward human cells. 56 Nevertheless, we decided to explore the possibility of graphene being transferred from the G-band to the skin, Resistance change as a response to cyclic strain for bands prepared with soak times of 15 min (φ = 0.06 vol %) and 12 h (φ = 0.27 vol %). In both cases the strain wave was trapezoidal in shape with a period 3 s (rise and fall times of 0.5 s and time at max and min 1 s).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive, High-Strain, High-Rate Bodily Motion Sensors Based on Graphene–Rubber Composites

et al. 2014

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Monitoring of human bodily motion requires wearable sensors that can detect position, velocity and acceleration. They should be cheap, lightweight, mechanically compliant and display reasonable sensitivity at high strains and strain rates. No reported material has simultaneously demonstrated all the above requirements. Here we describe a simple method to infuse liquid-exfoliated graphene into natural rubber to create conducting composites. These materials are excellent strain sensors displaying 10(4)-fold increases in resistance and working at strains exceeding 800%. The sensitivity is reasonably high, with gauge factors of up to 35 observed. More importantly, these sensors can effectively track dynamic strain, working well at vibration frequencies of at least 160 Hz. At 60 Hz, we could monitor strains of at least 6% at strain rates exceeding 6000%/s. We have used these composites as bodily motion sensors, effectively monitoring joint and muscle motion as well and breathing and pulse.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitive, High-Strain, High-Rate Bodily Motion Sensors Based on Graphene–Rubber Composites

et al. 2014

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“…Moreover, to allow the graphene-based sensors to be worn near the skin for a real-world application, the whole system was sandwiched using two layers of PDMS (Figure 1e). However, it should be emphasized that graphene oxide exhibits itself no cytotoxic reactions on human skin 64,65 , and graphene-based materials are also appropriate for neural prosthetic devices, which are based on carbon, 66 which indicate the potential biocompatibility of our GPPNG.…”

Section: Acs Applied Nano Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Self-Powered Wearable Pressure Sensor and Pyroelectric Breathing Sensor Based on GO Interfaced PVDF Nanofibers

Roy

Ghosh

Sultana

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

218

159

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This paper reports a self-powered, flexible, piezo-and pyro-electric hybrid nanogenerator (NG) device that can be fixed on different locations of human skin for detecting static and dynamic pressure variations and can also monitor temperature fluctuations during the respiration process. An efficient and cost-effective fabrication strategy has been developed to create electrospun poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF)/ graphene oxide (GO) nanofibers, which are used to create a highly sensitive wearable pressure sensor and pyroelectric breathing sensor. The sensor can accurately and rapidly detect pressures as low as 10 Pa with a high sensitivity (4.3 V/kPa), a key performance indicator for wearable sensors. Importantly, the sensor exhibits a high sensitivity to bending and stretching by finger, wrist, and elbow. The pressure sensor is also highly sensitive to vocal vibrations when attached to the human throat. The device can generate a maximum output power density of ∼6.2 mW/m 2 when subjected to a compressive stress, which enhances its range of applications. Moreover, it is demonstrated that doping with GO improves the pyroelectric energy harvesting and sensing performance of the device under repeated temperature fluctuations. The PVDF/GO-based nanogenerator has a maximum pyroelectric output power density of ∼1.2 nW/m 2 and can sense temperature changes during respiration, which makes it promising as a pyroelectric breathing sensor. It is demonstrated that processing of the PVDF-GO self-powered multifunctional pressure and pyroelectric breathing sensor can be up-scaled for fabricating compact and high-performance electronic skins for application in health monitoring, motion detection, and portable electronics.

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“…Low cost graphene has clearly enormous potential in removing different types of pollutants from contaminated water on a global scale, especially considering that pristine graphene nanoplatelets and the graphene monolayer are biocompatible. 61…”

Section: Graphene In Environmental Remediationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58 Five years later, graphene has become a central topic of chemical research. Research chemists worldwide have developed the chemistry of graphene 63 and graphene oxide, 32 making new graphene-based coatings, 64 photocatalytic composites, 20 electrodes, [47][48][49][50][51] polymer nanocomposites, 53-57 sorbents [59][60][61] and selective membranes. 65 Even more importantly, chemical ingenuity resulted in the introduction of several new graphite exfoliation methods affording graphene of high crystalline quality, similar to pristine (and prohibitively costly) nanoplatelets synthesized by chemical vapor deposition.…”

Section: Outlook and Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Commercialization of graphene-based technologies: a critical insight

et al. 2015

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Carbon in its single layer atomic morphology has exceptional thermal, optical, electronic and mechanical properties, which may form the basis for several functional products and enhanced technologies that go from electricity storage to polymer nanocomposites of so far unsurpassed characteristics. Due to the high cost, however, the current global production of graphene does not exceed 120 tonnes. New chemical and physical methods to exfoliate graphite, however, were recently engineered and commercialized, which open the route to massive adoption of graphene as the "enabler" of numerous important technologies, including enhanced electricity storage. This feature article presents an updated, critical overview that will be useful to nanochemistry and nanotechnology research practitioners and to entrepreneurs in advanced materials.

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Biocompatibility of Pristine Graphene Monolayers, Nanosheets and Thin Films

Cited by 4 publications

References 2 publications

Sensitive, High-Strain, High-Rate Bodily Motion Sensors Based on Graphene–Rubber Composites

Sensitive, High-Strain, High-Rate Bodily Motion Sensors Based on Graphene–Rubber Composites

A Self-Powered Wearable Pressure Sensor and Pyroelectric Breathing Sensor Based on GO Interfaced PVDF Nanofibers

Commercialization of graphene-based technologies: a critical insight

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