Biodegradable Cements for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

Bone cements such as polymethyl methacrylate and calcium phosphates have been widely used for the reconstruction of bone. Despite their remarkable clinical success, the low degradation rate of these materials hampers a broader clinical use. Matching the degradation rate of the materials with neo bone formation remains a challenge for bone-repairing materials. Moreover, questions such as the mechanism of degradation and how the composition of the materials contribute to the degradation property remain unanswered. Therefore, the review provides an overview of currently used biodegradable bone cements such as calcium phosphates (CaP), calcium sulfates and organic-inorganic composites. The possible degradation mechanism and clinical performance of the biodegradable cements are summarized. This paper reviews up-to-date research and applications of biodegradable cements, hoping to provide researchers in the field with inspirations and references.

Perfusion Window Chambers Enable Interventional Analyses of Tumor Microenvironments

“…While a metal PWC would be suitably inert and highly reusable, the volume required to support enclosed microchannels ultimately resulted in parts that were too heavy. Acrylic materials are biocompatible and used for implantable lenses [ 29 ] or bone cement [ 30 ] and offer chemical resistance to sterilizing agents. Ultimately, the acrylic‐based print material best met our needs and was thus selected for ongoing prototyping.…”

An Overview of Magnesium-Phosphate-Based Cements as Bone Repair Materials

“…Bone cements are defined as biomaterials obtained from the mixing of a powder phase with a liquid phase, which can be molded and implanted as a paste and can set within the body [ 32 ]. They are intended as bone-filling materials rather than bone substitutes [ 30 ] and are widely used in different orthopedic procedures, such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty [ 4 ], and dental implant fixations [ 33 ]. Their moldable and injectable nature makes them attractive for minimally invasive surgical procedures, allowing for the filling of irregular bone defects [ 5 ].…”

Trends in bioactivity: inducing and detecting mineralization of regenerative polymeric scaffolds

“…Still, these are also often combined with a polymer coating or matrix to afford injectability or moldability within irregular shapes, as well as to circumvent brittleness in certain cases. 16 The use of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is associated with exothermic cures, post-cure shrinkage, lack of porosity, and non-degradability, as well as brittle mechanical properties. 17,18 To mitigate brittleness and afford replacement by neotissue, numerous degradable synthetic and natural polymers have been employed.…”