Biodegradable mesoporous calcium–magnesium silicate-polybutylene succinate scaffolds for osseous tissue engineering

Abstract

The structural features of bone engineering scaffolds are expected to exhibit osteoinductive behavior and promote cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. In the present study, we employed synthesized ordered mesoporous calcium–magnesium silicate (om-CMS) and polybutylene succinate (PBSu) to develop a novel scaffold with potential applications in osseous tissue engineering. The characteristics, in vitro bioactivity of om-CMS/PBSu scaffold, as well as the cellular responses of MC3T3-E1 cells to the composite were investigated. Our results showed that the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold possesses a large surface area and highly ordered channel pores, resulting in improved degradation and biocompatibility compared to the PBSu scaffold. Moreover, the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold exhibited significantly higher bioactivity and induced apatite formation on its surface after immersion in the simulated body fluid. In addition, the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold provided a high surface area for cell attachment and released Ca, Mg, and Si ions to stimulate osteoblast proliferation. The unique surface characteristics and higher biological efficacy of the om-CMS/PBSu scaffold suggest that it has great potential for being developed into a system that can be employed in osseous tissue engineering.

Characterization and osteogenic evaluation of mesoporous magnesium–calcium silicate/polycaprolactone/polybutylene succinate composite scaffolds fabricated by rapid prototyping

“…2A) exhibits a broad peak at approximately 23 , which is typical of amorphous silicate materials. 27,30 Also, the PCL exhibited prominent crystalline peaks at 2q of 21.5 , 22.1 , and 23.8 , 36 and the PBSu exhibited strong diffraction peaks at 19.6 and 22.7 (Fig. 2B).…”

“…In many studies, the decrease in Ca and P ion concentrations in SBF over time is considered to be an indirect indicator of an apatite precipitation reaction. 27,30,36 Therefore, these results suggest that the m_MCS/PCL/PBSu scaffold exhibits excellent bioactivity, and hence provides a more appropriate environment for the formation of chemical bonds between native bone and the scaffold through the apatite layer than m_MCS/PCL scaffold. In contrast to the decrease in the concentrations of Ca and P ions, the concentrations of Mg and Si ions increased consistently during the mineralization process (Fig.…”

“…We obtained m_MCS powders, which were synthesized by template methods, from the East China University of Science and Technology (Shanghai, China), 30 and purchased PCL (M W 43000-50000) and PBSu from Polyscience, Inc. (Warrington, PA, USA) and Shanghai Showa Highpolymer Co. Ltd (Shanghai, China), respectively.…”

“…The proper degradability of biomaterials in a physiological environment is known to be an essential element of scaffoldbased bone tissue engineering. 30 We assessed the degradation behavior by measuring the weight loss of the composite scaffolds, and the changes in the pH of the SBF solution aer immersing the prepared scaffolds in SBF solution at 37 C for different lengths of time. Fig.…”

Nanoporosity improved water absorption, in vitro degradability, mineralization, osteoblast responses and drug release of poly(butylene succinate)-based composite scaffolds containing nanoporous magnesium silicate compared with magnesium silicate

“…16 Furthermore, Mg element may enhance bone tissue mineral density and influence bone fragility, and lack of Mg element will affect all stages of skeletal metabolism, causing slow growth of bone tissue and osteoporosis. 17 In a previous study, Zhang et al 18 prepared mesoporous calcium-MS-PBSu scaffolds and showed that the scaffolds with improved degradability and bioactivity (compared with the PBSu scaffold) stimulated osteoblast attachment and proliferation. Our previous study has shown that the mesoporous magnesium silicate (m-MS) with large surface area and high pore volume exhibited rapid degradability, good in vitro bioactivity and cytocompatibility.…”