Biodegradation of no. 2 diesel fuel in the vadose zone: A soil column study

Widrig, David L.; Manning, John F.

doi:10.1002/etc.5620141102

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In fact, adding water can increase C availability, in turn increasing culturable counts of subsurface microbes by up to 200 times (Hickman and Novak, 1989). This fact is further supported by higher microbial biodegradation activity in the capillary fringe where the water table, rising and falling regularly, redistributes nutrients and possibly microbes (Lahvis et al, 1999; Widrig and Manning, 1995).…”

Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

2005

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Surface soils and their microbiology have been studied for decades. However, subsurface soil, more broadly referred to as the vadose zone, is of increasing interest to microbiologists. The vadose zone, extending from the terrestrial surface to the groundwater table, is rich in microbes of many types. This review summarizes what is known about the abundance and diversity of microbes in the vadose zone and the environmental factors that influence vadose zone microbes and microbial processes. We discuss the roles of vadose zone microbes in nutrient cycling as well as their importance in pollutant remediation. We address a number of fundamental questions in vadose zone microbial ecology, including: What do we need to learn about vadose zone microbes to improve our ability to predict the fates of pollutants? How different are microbial communities and microbial activities in the terrestrial subsurface compared with surface soil? Numerous questions and arguments justify “deepening” soil microbiology's spatial context to include the whole unsaturated subsurface.

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Section: Environmental Factors Affecting Vadose Zone Microbial Processesmentioning

confidence: 90%

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

2005

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“…Rectangular tanks were used by Chevalier and Petersoen (1999), Cort et al (2001), and most recently Chang, Whyte, and Ghoshal (2011). Similarly, cylindrical columns were used by Angley et al (1992), Malina et al (1998), Widrig and Manning (1995), Woo andPark (1999), andPatros (2009). From the different shapes of reactors tried, the cylindrical column seems a better representation of the site remediation scenario due to the radial flow of air in the contaminated soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Degradation Rates for Petroleum Hydrocarbons Undergoing Bioventing at the Meso-Scale

Khan

Zytner

2013

Bioremediation Journal

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Bioventing can be effective for the remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. However, implementing laboratory results in field scenarios is difficult due to the lack of scale-up factors. Accordingly, laboratory bioventing experiments were undertaken at the meso-scale and then compared with previously completed micro-scale tests to evaluate the important scale-up factor. The developed meso-scale system holds 4 kg of soil, with bioventing conditions controlled from a nutrient, airflow, and water content perspective. Three soils were tested, and categorized as loamy sand, silt loam, and a mixture. Results over a 30-day period showed a two-stage degradation pattern that encompassed first-order degradation rates as compared with the single-stage first-order degradation rate determined in the micro-scale study. For the first stage (0-8 days), the degradation rate for loamy soil was 0.598 day −1 , with the silty soil at 0.460 day −1 , and mixed soil at 0.477 day −1 . After 8 days, the degradation rate constant for the loamy soil dropped to 0.123 day −1 , with the silty soil dropping to 0.075 day −1 , and the degradation rate for the mixed soil dropping to 0.093 day −1 . Comparison of the measured degradation rate values with the results from the micro-scale experiments gave scale-up factors varying from 1.9 to 2.7 for the types of soil considered in the current study. These differences in degradation rates between the two scales show the importance of scale-up factors when transferring feasibility study results to the field.

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“…elegans. Other authors have found that minor elements such as calcium and magnesium can also affect contaminant degradation rates (Widrig and Manning 1995). Furthermore, competition for these nutrients by degrading and nondegrading species will influence the amount of contaminant degraded (Steffensen and Alexander 1995).…”

Section: Plant Mediated Increases In Nutrient Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanisms of phytoremediation: biochemical and ecological interactions between plants and bacteria

Siciliano¹,

Germida²

1998

Environ. Rev.

146

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The use of plants to reduce contaminant levels in soil is a cost-effective method of reducing the risk to human and ecosystem health posed by contaminated soil sites. This review concentrates on plant-bacteria interactions that increase the degradation of hazardous organic compounds in soil. Plants and bacteria can form specific associations in which the plant provides the bacteria with a specific carbon source that induces the bacteria to reduce the phytotoxicity of the contaminated soil. Alternatively, plants and bacteria can form nonspecific associations in which normal plant processes stimulate the microbial community, which in the course of normal metabolic activity degrades contaminants in soil. Plants can provide carbon substrates and nutrients, as well as increase contaminant solubility. These biochemical mechanisms increase the degradative activity of bacteria associated with plant roots. In return, bacteria can augment the degradative capacity of plants or reduce the phytotoxicity of the contaminated soil. However, the specificity of the plant-bacteria interaction is dependent upon soil conditions, which can alter contaminant bioavailability, root exudate composition, and nutrient levels. In addition, the metabolic requirements for contaminant degradation may also dictate the form of the plant-bacteria interaction i.e., specific or nonspecific. No systematic framework that can predict plant-bacteria interactions in a contaminated soil has emerged, but it appears that the development of plant-bacteria associations that degrade contaminants in soil may be related to the presence of allelopathic chemicals in the rhizosphere. Therefore, investigations into plants that are resistant to or produce allelopathic chemicals is suggested as one possible method of identifying plant-bacteria associations that can degrade contaminants in soil.Résumé : L'utilisation des plantes pour réduire les teneurs en contaminants des sols est une méthode coûteuse pour réduire les risques envers la santé de l'homme et des écosystèmes occasionnés par la présence de sols contaminés. Dans leur revue, les auteurs concentrent leur attention sur les interactions plantes-bactéries qui augmentent la dégradation des composés organiques problématiques du sol. Les plantes et les bactéries peuvent former des associations spécifiques dans lesquelles les plantes fournissent aux bactéries une source spécifique de carbone qui amène ces bactéries à réduire la phytotoxicité du sol contaminé. Alternativement, les plantes et les bactéries peuvent former des associations non spécifiques dans lesquelles les processus végétaux normaux stimulent la communauté microbienne, laquelle, au cours de ses activités métaboliques normales, dégrade les contaminants du sol. Les plantes fournissent des substrats carbonés et des nutriments et augmentent la solubilité des contaminants. Ces mécanismes biochimiques augmentent l'activité de dégradation des bactéries associées aux racines des plantes. En retour, les bactéries peuvent augmenter la capacité de dégradation de...

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Biodegradation of no. 2 diesel fuel in the vadose zone: A soil column study

Cited by 17 publications

References 10 publications

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

Microbial Processes in the Vadose Zone

Degradation Rates for Petroleum Hydrocarbons Undergoing Bioventing at the Meso-Scale

Mechanisms of phytoremediation: biochemical and ecological interactions between plants and bacteria

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