Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil using Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst and Microwave Heating System

Abstract

Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) is a typical Indonesian plant. Its seed contains abundant inedible oil, and therefore it is potential for biodiesel feedstock. The current issues of biodiesel are longer reaction time of oil to biodiesel through transesterification reaction and lower biodiesel yield due to ineffective use of a homogenous catalyst. This work was aimed to use an ionic liquid as a catalyst and equipped with microwave heating as the heating system in order to increase the biodiesel yield and accelerate the process. Effects of the catalyst concentration and power of microwave irradiation to the biodiesel yield were studied. The ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate (BMIMHSO4) was used as a catalyst. The results showed that the highest biodiesel yield was achieved of 92.81% which was catalyzed by IL0.5NaOH0.5 (0.5 wt.% (BMIMHSO4) + 0.5 wt.% NaOH) with a methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 9, a reaction time of 6 minutes, and the microwave temperature was 60 °C. Copyright © 2017 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 21st November 2016; Revised: 7th March 2017; Accepted: 9th March 2017How to Cite: Handayani, P.A., Abdullah, A., Hadiyanto, H. (2017). Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil using Ionic Liquid as A Catalyst and Microwave Heating System. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 12 (2): 293-298 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.12.2.807.293-298)Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.12.2.807.293-298

Microwave‐Assisted Esterification of Oleic Acid Using an Ionic Liquid Catalyst

“…Microwave radiation has the capability to deliver the energy directly to the reactant so that the energy transfer is more effective than in conventional heating. Therefore, microwave radiation can enhance the reaction of the esterification of oleic acid [40].…”

“…Esterification is a nucleophilic substitution reaction and acidic catalysts are highly effective in nucleophilic substitution reactions [40]. Because sulfuric acid is a strong acid, it has a stronger catalytic ability for the nucleophilic substitution reaction.…”

Process Evaluation of Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil Enhanced by Ionic Liquid + NaOH Catalyst and Microwave Heating System

“…5,23 Handayani et al also reported that the transesterification using microwave required shorter reaction times than conventional heater. 24 Additionally, microwave heating gave a yield of 92.81% with reaction time of 6 min, while conventional heating took 180 min to reach similar yield, i.e., 93.89%. This phenomenon could be explained in the following.…”

Response Surface Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum) Oil Enhanced by Microwave and Ionic liquid + NaOH Catalyst

“…Microwave-assisted biodiesel production is shorter than conventional heating system. Handayani et al [19] produced biodiesel from Nyamplung oil with catalyst [BMIMHSO 4 ] (1) + NaOH (1) amount of 1 %wt using conventional heating obtained yield (93.99 %) for 180 minutes, while using microwave assisted esterification method obtained the yield 92.81 % for 6 minutes. Lin et al [3] indicated that the transesterification reaction with conventional heating systems using catalyst concentrations of NaNH 2 1 %wt, reaction temperature of 65 °C, molar methanol-to-oil ratio of 8, and reaction time of 105 minutes, the yield was 95.6 % while with microwave for reaction time of 7 minutes obtained yield of 96.2 %.Methanol is a high polarity organic solvent and has a high absorption capacity of microwaves energy.…”