Biodiesel Production From the Microalgae Nannochloropsis by Microwave Using CaO and MgO Catalysts

Abstract

The needs of world petroleum are increased; in contrast, the fuel productions are getting decreased. Therefore, it has lead to the search for bio-fuel as an alternative energy. There are several different types of biofuel, such as biodiesel, ethanol, bioalcohol, and biogas. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids from a vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol producing fatty acid esters, such as methyl or ethyl ester. The present study aimed to study the effect of temperature (50, 60 and 65°C), reaction time (1 to 5 minutes) dan types of catalyst (CaO dan MgO of 1 and 3 %) in the production of biodiesel from microalgae by the transesterification process using microwave methods. It also studied the characteristics of biodiesel which had the greatest yield in the present study, i.e. flash point, cetane number, density, viscosity, and FAME. The greatest yield was 99.35% and obtained with combination of 3% MgO catalyst quantity at temperature of 60°C, in 3 minutes reaction time. At this process conditions, the biodiesel has a flash point of 122°C, cetane number of 55, density of 0.89, viscosity of 5 cP and FAME of 75.12 %.

Strain selection, growth productivity and biomass characterization of novel microalgae isolated from fresh and wastewaters of upper Punjab, Pakistan

“…Among these, microalgal oils have come forward as the most promising feedstock for biofuel production. Several studies have reported the potential of various microalgal species for the production of biodiesel, including Chlorella protothecoides (Nan et al 2015), Nannochloropsis (Hindarso et al 2015) and mixed algal cultures (Soydemir et al 2016), using both fresh and wastewater as source of nutrients (Chiu et al 2015;Drira et al 2016).…”

Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Microalgae Using Microwave: Kinetic of Transesterification Reaction Using CaO Catalyst

“…This study was carried out into four-stages (1) extraction of microalgae Nannochloropsis to produce microalgal oil using n-hexsana as solvent; (2) analysis of microalgae as raw materials, such as density, viscosity, and free fatty acids (FFA); (3) transesterification in microwave reactor using methanol as a reactant and CaO as a catalyst; (4) analysis of the biodiesel product. Biodiesel product was then analyzed using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) for biodiesel (SNI 04-7182-2006), i.e., viscosity, density, flash point and yield of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) [13].…”

“…Experiments were carried out using n-hexane as solvent at ratio of dried microalgal to nhexane solvents of 1: 4 (w:v), temperature of 65°C and extraction time of 5 hours. The extracted lipids were then separated from its solvent by rotavapor distillation to purify the microalgal oils [13].…”

“…CaO catalyst was firstly prepared by calcinations in a furnace at 550°C for 5 hours. The CaO catalyst was characterized using XRD, SEM and EDX methods [13].…”

“…Recently, microwave-assisted transesterification reactions have been studied by many researchers. This method proved to be a fast and easy way to produce biodiesel from vegetable oils [3,5,7,13].…”