Biodiversity of the Chemical Constituents in the Epiphytic Lichenized Ascomycete Ramalina Lacera Grown on Difference Substrates Crataegus Sinaicus, Pinus Halepensis, and Quercus Calliprinos

Abstract

Aim:The identifi cation and evaluation of lichen metabolite production by the epiphytic lichenized ascomycete Ramalina lacera collected from diff erent substrates: Crataegus sinaicus, Pinus halepensis, and Quercus calliprinos.Methods: Chemical constituents were characterized by GC-MS, HPLC, HR-TLC, and other chemical methods. Results:The most abundant fatty acids were α-linolenic acid, oleic acid, and palmitic acid but a considerable variability of the ester composition from one to another was found. A comparison of neutral lipids, glycolipids, polar lipids and fatty acid composition of the tree-growing lichen Ramalina lacera was done. Diacylglyceryl-N,N,N-trimethylhomoserine, diaclyglycerylhydroxymethyl-N,N,N-trimethyl-β-alanine, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylinositol were found as major components among polar lipids. Diff ractaic, lecanoric, norstictic, protocetric, and usnic acids were isolated as major aromatic compounds in all samples of R. lacera.Conclusions: We evaluated a diversity of fatty acids, lipids, and aromatic compounds produced by the samples of Ramalina lacera growing on diff erent tree-substrates, Crataegus sinaicus, Pinus halepensis and Quercus calliprinos.

A review on algae and plants as potential source of arachidonic acid

“…Rezanka and Dembitsky [67] found ARA in 8 lichens collected in the Tian Shan mountains of Kirghizstan; 1.47% in Peltigera canina , 1.90% in Xanthoria sp., 2.39% in Acarospora gobiensis , 2.52% in Cladonia furcate , 2.92% in Parmelia tinctina , 3.43% in P. comischadalis , 3.64% in Lecanora fructulosa and 4.17% in Leptogium saturninum . ARA composition of the lichen Ramalina lacera varied from 0.96 to 2.25% according to the type of substrate it grown on [68] . Epiphytic lichens of Collema species ( Collema flaccidum and C. fuscovirens ) recorded 1.9% and 2.1% ARA [69] .…”

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Ramalina Lichenized Fungi

“…However, all species of the genus Ramalina contain usnic acid in variable concentration [5,39]. Studies of the isolation and biological activity tests of the compound have presented, almost always, unexpected results, generating numerous publications [5,7,10,12,13,16,21,25,26,27,28,29,34,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,82,83,84,85,86].…”

“…Among the isolated depsides, sekikaic acid ( 23 ) was found in 26 species of Ramalina [1,25,27,40,43,46,50,51,54,55,57,59,60,61,62,63,65,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95,96], atranorin ( 24 ) in 19 species [1,12,28,55,57,59,60,64,66,67,72,83,87,92,95,97], divaricatic acid ( 25 ) was found in 11 species [12,43,49,57,59,60,98] like homosekikaic acid ( 26 ) [60,87,89,90,92,96]. Ramalinolic acid ( 27 ) was found in ten species [1,43,46,60,80,87,88,99], obtusatic acid ( 28 ) appears in seven species […”

Antioxidative and cardiovascular-protective activities of metabolite usnic acid and psoromic acid produced by lichen speciesUsnea complanataunder submerged fermentation

“…Lichens contain many characteristic aromatic compounds with known antiviral, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, antimitotic and antioxidant activities (Dembitsky, 1992;Huneck & Yoshimura, 1996;Huneck, 1999;Müller, 2001;Upreti & Chatterjee, 2007;Hanus et al, 2008;Verma et al, 2008). Lichens may be a good potential source of bioactive phytochemicals.…”