2020
DOI: 10.1007/s12274-020-3179-9
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Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy

Abstract: Immunotherapy techniques, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and cancer vaccines, have been burgeoning with great success, particularly for specific cancer types. However, side effects with fatal risks, dysfunction in tumor microenvironment and low immune response rates remain the bottlenecks in immunotherapy. Nano metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs), with an accurate structure and a narrow size distribution, are emerging as a solution to these problems. In addi… Show more

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Cited by 48 publications
(31 citation statements)
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References 148 publications
(150 reference statements)
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“…A vast variety of materials, including mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) 20 , 21 , layered doubele hydroxides (LDHs) 22 , metal–organic frameworks and their composites 18 , 23 , covalent organic frameworks and their composites 24 – 26 , Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles 28 , 29 , single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes 30 , 31 , and graphene and graphene oxide-based materials 32 , 33 have been utilized as an adsorbent to separate or remove the organic molecules like hydrocarbons, drugs and dyes. Among those adsorbents, MSMs-based adsorbents have shown excellent performance due to their environment-friendly water-based synthesis methods (sol–gel process), porous structure, large surface area, high pore volume, designable structure and morphology, functionalizable surface, good chemical and thermal stability, and reusability 19 21 , 34 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A vast variety of materials, including mesoporous silica materials (MSMs) 20 , 21 , layered doubele hydroxides (LDHs) 22 , metal–organic frameworks and their composites 18 , 23 , covalent organic frameworks and their composites 24 – 26 , Fe 2 O 3 nanoparticles 28 , 29 , single-and multi-walled carbon nanotubes 30 , 31 , and graphene and graphene oxide-based materials 32 , 33 have been utilized as an adsorbent to separate or remove the organic molecules like hydrocarbons, drugs and dyes. Among those adsorbents, MSMs-based adsorbents have shown excellent performance due to their environment-friendly water-based synthesis methods (sol–gel process), porous structure, large surface area, high pore volume, designable structure and morphology, functionalizable surface, good chemical and thermal stability, and reusability 19 21 , 34 .…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…MOFs, an emerging class of nanocarriers, have become powerful tools for cancer immunotherapeutics with improved stability, efficacy, and safety. [77,78] MOFs can be also engineered in bidimensional structures. Cationic W-TBP NSs (composed of W 6+ ions and the photosensitizer 5,10,15,20-tetra(p-benzoato) porphyrin, TBP) could mediate PDT to release tumor-associated antigens and deliver CpG, loaded onto the sheets, to DCs.…”
Section: Metal-organic Frameworkmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), a family of porous crystalline inorganic-organic self-assembled complexes, are excellent functional materials for diverse applications, including drug delivery, biosensing, catalysis, and gas separation. [19][20][21][22] In particular, their porosity and large surface area have enabled MOFs to serve as unique nanocarriers for the delivery of various proteins and enzymes while maintaining biological activity. 23,24 Moreover, by selecting suitable organic ligands such as pyrene, porphyrin, or imidazole, diverse MOFs with desirable physicochemical properties can be obtained.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%