Biofilm Bridges Forming Structural Networks on Patterned Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces

Lei, Wenhui; Bruchmann, Julia; Rüping, Jan Lars; Levkin, Pavel A.; Schwartz, Thomas

doi:10.1002/advs.201900519

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Recently we developed the droplet microarray (DMA) platform, [ 25–27 ] which enables fabrication of nanoliter droplet microarrays where the shape, size and density of droplets depend on the design of hydrophilic patterns surrounded by the superhydrophobic barriers. The DMA platform enables cultivation and high throughput screening of various cell types in hundreds of individual nanoliter droplets functioning as independent miniaturized habitats.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A platform enabling controllable fabrication of complex artificial multicellular systems from matrix-free "building blocks" in a high-throughput miniaturized format is crucial to realize studies and screenings of various biological processes, such as cell signaling, paracrine signaling, cell-cell interactions or drug response, using physiologically more relevant cell culture models. [12,24] Recently we developed the droplet microarray (DMA) platform, [25][26][27] which enables fabrication of nanoliter droplet microarrays where the shape, size and density of droplets depend on the design of hydrophilic patterns surrounded by the superhydrophobic barriers. The DMA platform enables cultivation and high throughput screening of various cell types in hundreds of individual nanoliter droplets functioning as independent miniaturized habitats.…”

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Assembly of Multi‐Spheroid Cellular Architectures by Programmable Droplet Merging

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Reproduction of native tissues in vitro is important as a tool, as it both enables investigation of fundamental biological processes, and drug and toxicity screenings. In order to closely mimic complex tissues in vitro, artificial multicellular systems are created from different cell types in spatially ordered structures or welldefined geometries in a 3D microenvironment. [1-3] These systems can be built from building blocks [4-7] such as cell sheets, [8] cell-laden microgels, [5] cell spheroids, [9] and organoids. [10,11] Precise control of cellular composition and spatial distribution of building blocks within artificial multicellular systems allows for reconstitution of native tissues in their healthy and disease state in vitro. [12] There are a number of methodologies developed for fabrication of complex 3D cell systems in vitro. [3-7,13,14] Directed assembly allows manual positioning or stacking building blocks to form 3D architectures. [15,16] Birey et al. applied this method for fusion of two forebrain organoids in order to mimic the human brain development and demonstrate inter-neuronal migration. [15] The method of directed assembly is, however, manual and not compatible with high throughput. Remote assembly, such as, acoustic node, [14,17] magnetic cell levitation, [13,18] optical tweezers, [19] or laser-guided direct writing, [20] can achieve assembly of cells or spheroids against gravity or viscous forces. Chen et al. demonstrated the assembly of hepatic organoids by an acoustic node technique, and the technique was able to achieve formation of bile canaliculi networks resembling native hepatic tissue. [17] Souza et al. used magnetic cell levitation to manipulate a glioblastoma cell spheroid, and a human astrocyte spheroid in order to create a cell invasion model. [18] These methods depend on sophisticated equipment, paramagnetic media, or introduce a risk of laser-induced cell damage. Another common strategy used to fabricate multicellular architecture is assembly of cell-laden hydrogels or microgels, [5,21,22] or cell seeding on scaffolds. [7,23] However, these biomaterial-based methods failed to provide high cell packing density. The use of artificial scaffolds or gel matrices additionally lead to disadvantages for constructing 3D tissue models due to their influence on cell-cell interactions, autocrine, and paracrine signaling. 3D printing [3] is a promising method for designing and achieving multicellular architectures, but it is relatively slow, not always compatible with high throughput and relies on printable bio-inks for maintaining 3D structure and cell viability. Artificial multicellular systems are gaining importance in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Reconstruction of complex tissue architectures in vitro is nevertheless challenging, and methods permitting controllable and high-throughput fabrication of complex multicellular architectures are needed. Here, a facile and high-throughput method is developed based on a tunable droplet-fusion technique, allowing prog...

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confidence: 99%

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Assembly of Multi‐Spheroid Cellular Architectures by Programmable Droplet Merging

et al. 2020

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“…[357] Inspired by the Lotus Effect, [358] material design that resists microbiota adhesion to a surface has become a powerful alternative strategy. [359][360][361][362] Adhesion of microbiota to solid surfaces is a complex process; [363] hence, several material properties need to be considered to ensure an effective material design strategy. The following is a summary of such features:…”

Section: Self-cleaningmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides, antibiotics are limited to bacterial infections only [ 357 ]. Inspired by the Lotus Effect [ 358 ], material design that resists microbiota adhesion to a surface has become a powerful alternative strategy [ 359 , 360 , 361 , 362 ].…”

Section: Sensor Building Blocksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives

Al-Qatatsheh

Morsi

Zavabeti

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials’ properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.

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“…Thus, the formation of bacterial bridges seems to be a consequence of dewetting process on pLIS covered with attached and precipitated bacteria and not due to the growth of biofilm bridges between adhesive clusters as was hypothesized in our previous study. [12] To understand better the formation and function of bacterial bridges, it is important to investigate factors that influence its formation. Thus, we studied how nutrients presenting in the bacterial growth medium influence the bridge formation.…”

Section: (3 Of 7)mentioning

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Controlling Geometry and Flow Through Bacterial Bridges on Patterned Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces (pLIS)

Lei

Krolla

Levkin

2020

Small

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Gram-negative bacteria such as Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterobacter spp. are widely spread in natural and artificial environments. [1] The facultative pathogenic P. aeruginosa is a major cause of chronic infections strongly involved in cystic fibrosis patients Spatial control of bacteria and biofilms on surfaces is necessary to understand the biofilm formation and the social interactions between bacterial communities, which could provide useful hints to study the biofilm-involved diseases. Here patterned lubricant-infused surfaces (pLIS) are utilized to fabricate connective structures named "bacterial bridges" between bacterial colonies of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by a simple dewetting method. It is demonstrated that the bacteria attached to hydrophilic areas and bacteria precipitated on lubricant infused borders both contribute to the formation of bacterial bridges. The geometry and distribution of bridges can be controlled using predesigned superhydrophobic-hydrophilic patterns. It is demonstrated that bacterial bridges connecting bacteria colonies act as bio-microfluidic channels and can transport liquids, nutrients, and antibacterial substances between neighboring bacteria clusters. Thus, bacterial bridges can be used to study formation, spreading, and development of bacterial colonies, and communication within and between isolated biofilms. and immunocompromised individuals. [2] Various mechanisms including active efflux of antibiotics, cell wall barrier, enzymatic inactivation of drugs, and/or antibiotic target changes/protection contribute to the antibiotic resistance of Gram-negative bacteria. [3] Except for its high level of intrinsic resistance, Gram-negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa are able to achieve adaptive antibiotic resistance by living together as biofilms. [4] Bridge or string-like structures of bacteria colonies were reported in biofilm studies previously. Thus, Jahed et al. used micropatterened poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) to form 3D nanostring of microcolonies of Staphyloccocus aureus. [5] Drescher et al. demonstrated that P. aeruginosa flowing through microfluidic channels made from PDMS formed streamer structures resembling biofilm bridges, causing clogging. [6] In our previous study, we used patterned liquid-infused surfaces (pLIS) to form arrays of homogeneous biofilm microclusters and observed string-like connections formed between such biofilm patches. [7] Since the string-like structure is observed under highly controlled conditions, it indicates that this phenomenon might be common in nature. The phenomenon of bacterial bridges could help better understand biofilms, complex 3D biofilms structure, function, or factors that can affect biofilm formation, and the removal of biofilms. It is not clear, how far micro-structures contribute to formation and adaptation of biofilms. Bioinspired LIS have been introduced as an antifouling material. [8] The solid porous surface of LIS provides its mechanical stability and also s...

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Biofilm Bridges Forming Structural Networks on Patterned Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces

Cited by 36 publications

References 45 publications

Assembly of Multi‐Spheroid Cellular Architectures by Programmable Droplet Merging

Assembly of Multi‐Spheroid Cellular Architectures by Programmable Droplet Merging

Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives

Controlling Geometry and Flow Through Bacterial Bridges on Patterned Lubricant‐Infused Surfaces (pLIS)

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