Biofilm elimination from infected root canals using four different single files

Abstract

Introduction Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) is the most commonly isolated bacterium from infected root canals. It is found in the form of a biofilm, which makes it more resistant to antimicrobials, and requires optimal chemomechanical strategies to maximize root canal disinfection. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of 4 different endodontic file systems against E. faecalis biofilm growth in root canals using colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Methods Eighty-five extracted human mandibular premolars with straight root canals and apical diameters not larger than the #15 K-file were randomly selected. After performing a pilot study (n = 15) to determine the ideal incubation period for E. faecalis biofilm development, sixty-five root canals were infected with E. faecalis, incubated for 3 weeks, and then mechanically prepared using one of four single files (XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex EDM, One Curve, and Fanta. AFTM F One) (n = 15). Five infected root canals were excluded for the positive control. Five non-contaminated root canals were included for the negative control. Samples were collected using sterile paper points pre- and post-instrumentation to determine the bacterial load (CFU/mL). Root canals from each group were topographically evaluated at the coronal, middle, and apical segments using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Bacterial reduction data were estimated and statistically analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis and Mann–Whitney U tests (post hoc test) (P ≤ .05). Results XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex DEM, and One Curve significantly could eradicate E. faecalis biofilms in infected root canals with no significant difference among them compared to Fanta. AF™ F One. Conclusion None of the systems were capable of completely eliminating biofilms. XP-endo Shaper, Hyflex EDM, and One Curve mechanically eliminated E. faecalis biofilms compared to Fanta. AF™ F One from infected root canals.

Use of a Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei as an Adjuvant for Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm Disruption in Combination with Antibiotics as an Alternative Treatment in Secondary Endodontic Infection

“…The authors reported that none of these commercial solutions could disrupt or eliminate the biofilm compared with NaOCl, which showed a 100% depletion of bacteria in the biofilm. In another study, the E. faecalis biofilm was not completely removed despite using NaOCl and four different techniques to prepare the root canal [ 41 ]. In our study, a bacterial depletion > 90% was observed for the combined treatment (Cel-AmC).…”

Assessing Percentage of Touched Surfaces and Changes in Cross-sectional Area in Oval Shaped Root Canals after XP-endo Shaper, IRaCe and HyFlex CM Instrumentation Using AutoCAD Software

“…Furthermore, the simulation of body temperature was deemed critical, as temperature changes were predicted to affect the XP-endo Shaper expansion properties. For standardization, all rotary instruments were used for reaching the full working length in an in-and-out pecking motion with light brushing motion was applied regarding the buccal and lingual walls to improve the file contact with the canal surfaces [28], [29].…”

“…This helped the evaluator easily detect canal areas that had been touched by the rotary instrument, which ensured reliable calculations while minimizing bias. AutoCAD was used to study different parameters, such as measuring root canal curvature, calculating the number of touched canal walls, determining the instrument's cross-sectional measurements, assessing instrument shaping ability, and during root canal retreatment to evaluate efficacy of various instruments in removing gutta-percha and sealer [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33].…”

Comparative analysis of reciprocating and flat‐side heat‐treated rotary single‐file systems: Design, metallurgical characteristics, and mechanical performance

“…Previous research has compared the first launched AF F One single‐file NiTi rotary system (size 25, 0.06 taper; Fanta Dental Material Co.) that is made of a proprietary AF‐R wire technology to various rotary and reciprocating systems. These studies showed that AF F One instruments had lower cyclic fatigue resistance than 2Shape instrument after clinical usage (Ubaed & Bakr, 2022), produced more debris but better cleaning ability than One Shape and OneCurve systems (Mogahed et al, 2021), had better shaping ability than a prototype instrument in simulated canals (Di Nardo et al, 2020), were less effective than certain reciprocating systems in removing calcium silicate‐based sealer (Madarati et al, 2023) and in eliminating Enterococcus faecalis biofilm from infected root canals (Hamed et al, 2022), but showed improved resistance to flexural fatigue compared with a prototype instrument (Gambarini et al, 2019). These preliminary findings indicate that using flat design instruments instead of other market‐available options may not offer the advantages claimed by manufacturers, and further research is necessary to assess their mechanical performance.…”