Biofilms, active substrata, and me

Rittmann, Bruce E.

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2017.12.043

Cited by 153 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…The forward reaction provides energy for the organisms by establishing transmembrane proton gradients for ATP production (Vignais et al, 2001), while the backward reaction enables H 2 evolution or uptake (Lubitz et al, 2014). When mediated by hydrogenases, H 2 can serve as an electron donor for reducing a wide spectrum of oxidized compounds, including inorganic oxyanions, metals and metalloids, and halogenated organics (Rittmann, 2018). In addition, hydrogenases can function in aerobic and anaerobic conditions (Morita, 1999; Kubas, 2007).…”

Section: Hydrogen Gas (H2) As a Universal Electron Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The membranes are available in diameters of 50 to 500 μm, allowing high specific surface areas and compact reactors. Unlike with organic donors, overdosing H 2 is avoided, as its on-demand delivery is based on its uptake in the biofilm (Rittmann, 2018), which transforms low water solubility from a problem to a benefit. Furthermore, the non-porous gas-transfer membranes allow only gases to pass through them; this means that membrane fouling, which is common in water filtration membranes, is not relevant for the MBfR.…”

Section: Hydrogen Gas (H2) As a Universal Electron Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to physical and chemical approaches, mainly including adsorption (Hiemstra and Van Riemsdijk, 1999; Cumberland and Strouse, 2002; Peak, 2006) and catalytic reduction (Chaplin et al, 2012; Yin et al, 2018), microbiological reduction is an effective, economic, and sustainable means to simultaneously remove oxyanions from water. In microbial reduction, the oxyanion regularly functions as a respiratory electron acceptor for bacteria (Rittmann and McCarty, 2001; Martin and Nerenberg, 2012; Madigan et al, 2014; Rittmann, 2018). In respiration, electrons ( e − ) are transferred to the acceptor by their movement along a membrane-bound electron-transport chain that exports protons (H + ) to the outside of the membrane.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor

et al. 2019

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Oxyanions, such as nitrate, perchlorate, selenate, and chromate are commonly occurring contaminants in groundwater, as well as municipal, industrial, and mining wastewaters. Microorganism-mediated reduction is an effective means to remove oxyanions from water by transforming oxyanions into harmless and/or immobilized forms. To carry out microbial reduction, bacteria require a source of electrons, called the electron-donor substrate. Compared to organic electron donors, H2 is not toxic, generates minimal secondary contamination, and can be readily obtained in a variety of ways at reasonable cost. However, the application of H2 through conventional delivery methods, such as bubbling, is untenable due to H2's low water solubility and combustibility. In this review, we describe the membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), which is a technological breakthrough that makes H2 delivery to microorganisms efficient, reliable, and safe. The MBfR features non-porous gas-transfer membranes through which bubbleless H2 is delivered on-demand to a microbial biofilm that develops naturally on the outer surface of the membranes. The membranes serve as an active substratum for a microbial biofilm able to biologically reduce oxyanions in the water. We review the development of the MBfR technology from bench, to pilot, and to commercial scales, and we elucidate the mechanisms that control MBfR performance, particularly including methods for managing the biofilm's structure and function. We also give examples of MBfR performance for cases of treating single and co-occurring oxyanions in different types of contaminated water. In summary, the MBfR is an effective and reliable technology for removing oxyanion contaminants by accurately providing a biofilm with bubbleless H2 on demand. Controlling the H2 supply in accordance to oxyanion surface loading and managing the accumulation and activity of biofilm are the keys for process success.

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Section: Hydrogen Gas (H2) As a Universal Electron Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Gas (H2) As a Universal Electron Donormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor

et al. 2019

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“…One of the technologies is a microbial fuel cell (MFC), which produces direct electrical current from the anaerobic oxidation of biodegradable organic waste 2,3 . The biofilm anode of the MFC is the electron acceptor for anode-respiring bacteria, which liberates electrons from organic compounds and transports them to a cathode, where we can harvest valuable products 4 . Wastewater is a source of nutrients and source separated urine, due to high concentration of ions, can be considered as a valuable resource for N, P, K 5,6 , sensing 7 and energy recovery 8 , where urine can serve as a source of hydrogen 9,10 or direct electricity via MFC 8 to power LED lighting as a demonstration of scaled-up systems 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Electroosmotically generated disinfectant from urine as a by-product of electricity in microbial fuel cell for the inactivation of pathogenic species

Gajda

Obata

Greenman

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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This work presents a small scale and low cost ceramic based microbial fuel cell, utilising human urine into electricity, while producing clean catholyte into an initially empty cathode chamber through the process of electro-osmostic drag. It is the first time that the catholyte obtained as a by-product of electricity generation from urine was transparent in colour and reached pH>13 with high ionic conductivity values. The catholyte was collected and used ex situ as a killing agent for the inactivation of a pathogenic species such as Salmonella typhimurium, using a luminometer assay. Results showed that the catholyte solutions were efficacious in the inactivation of the pathogen organism even when diluted up to 1:10, resulting in more than 5 log-fold reduction in 4 min. Long-term impact of the catholyte on the pathogen killing was evaluated by plating Salmonella typhimurium on agar plates and showed that the catholyte possesses a long-term killing efficacy and continued to inhibit pathogen growth for 10 days.

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“…1. Introduction 81 Microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) are electrochemical devices which utilize 82 microbial biofilms formed at a polarized electrode (anode and/or cathode) to drive 83 electrochemical reaction(s) (Rittmann, 2018). An electrochemical potential established at the 84 anode can induce the formation of thick, electron-conducting biofilms composed of special 85 microbial communities known as electroactive bacteria (Schröder et al, 2015).…”

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confidence: 99%

Electroactive biofilms on surface functionalized anodes: the anode respiring behavior of a novel electroactive bacterium,Desulfuromonas acetexigens

Katuri

Kamireddy

Kavanagh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Highlights 31• Anode surface chemistry affects the early stage biofilm formation. 32 • Hydrophilic anode surfaces promote rapid start-up of current generation. 33 • Certain functionalized anode surfaces enriched the Desulfuromonas acetexigens. 34 • D. acetexigens is a novel electroactive bacteria. 35 • D. acetexigens biofilms can produce high current density in a short period of potential 36 induced growth 37 • D. acetexigens has the ability to maximize the H 2 recovery in MEC. Abstract 56Surface chemistry is known to influence the formation, composition and electroactivity of 57 electron-conducting biofilms with however limited information on the variation of microbial 58 composition and electrochemical response during biofilm development to date. Here we present 59 voltammetric, microscopic and microbial community analysis of biofilms formed under fixed 60 applied potential for modified graphite electrodes during early (90 h) and mature (340 h) growth 61 phases. Electrodes modified to introduce hydrophilic groups (-NH 2 , -COOH and -OH) enhance 62 early-stage biofilm formation compared to unmodified or electrodes modified with hydrophobic 63 groups (-C 2 H 5 ). In addition, early-stage films formed on hydrophilic electrodes were dominated 64 by the gram-negative sulfur-reducing bacterium Desulfuromonas acetexigens while Geobacter sp. 65 dominated on -C 2 H 5 and unmodified electrodes. As biofilms mature, current generation becomes 66 similar, and D. acetexigens dominates in all biofilms irrespective of surface chemistry. 67 Electrochemistry of pure culture D. acetexigens biofilms reveal that this microbe is capable of 68 forming electroactive biofilms producing considerable current density of > 9 A/m 2 in a short 69 period of potential induced growth (~19 h followed by inoculation) using acetate as an electron 70 donor. The inability of D. acetexigens biofilms to use H 2 as a sole source electron donor for 71 current generation shows promise for maximizing H 2 recovery in single-chambered microbial 72 electrolysis cell systems treating wastewaters. 73 74 Keywords: Microbial electrolysis cell, Extracellular electron transfer, Functionalized anode, 75 Biofilm anode, Desulfuromonas acetexigens, Hydrogen 76 77 78 79 4 80 100 al., 2013), etc. In order to further develop this technology it is imperative to maximize the 101 interaction and to enable efficient electron transfer between the electroactive communities and the 102 electrodes. Understanding the physiology of anodic electroactive bacteria, tuning electrode 103 properties to affect the composition of electroactive bacteria, and tethering and structuring of 104 5 electroactive communities from different sources at electrodes continues to be a challenge and is 105 the subject of research for the advancement of MES technology. 106 Several approaches have been developed to establish and improve electrochemical 107 communication between the electroactive bacteria and the anode including chemical treatment of 108 anodes (Dumitru and Scott, 2016), and mo...

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Biofilms, active substrata, and me

Cited by 153 publications

References 61 publications

Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor

Hydrogenotrophic Microbial Reduction of Oxyanions With the Membrane Biofilm Reactor

Electroosmotically generated disinfectant from urine as a by-product of electricity in microbial fuel cell for the inactivation of pathogenic species

Electroactive biofilms on surface functionalized anodes: the anode respiring behavior of a novel electroactive bacterium,Desulfuromonas acetexigens

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