Biogenic amines and gamma-amino butyric acid in silages: Formation, occurrence and influence on dry matter intake and ruminant production

Scherer, Rebecca; Gerlach, Katrin; Südekum, Karl‐Heinz

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2015.10.001

Cited by 63 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 72 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…In accordance with previously known information, the decrease of biogenic amines after biological and chemical treatment determined in our experiment is due to inhibiting the activity of micro-organisms causing proteolysis connected with the occurrence of biogenic amines [4]. Holzer et al [24] had confirmed the importance of LAB especially in the first phase of fermentation, at which time there occurs a decrease of pH and creation of lactic acid.…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestsupporting

confidence: 71%

“…Previously studies have differed in their interpretations as to effects and doses of biogenic amines in farm animals. For histamine, tyramine, putrescine and cadaverine, and depending on the animal category, safe doses of 2-40 g of amine/kg of dry matter have been stated [4]. When using the chemical silage additive Chemisile (2.5 kg/t), Selwet et al observed a decrease of biogenic amines in lucerne silages [18].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These contribute to reducing the value of forages and subsequently may cause health problems in animals or changes in animal products. Bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family are frequently considered hygienic markers of faecal pollution [4,25].…”

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the synthesis and chemical structures of mono-and diamines are well documented. The basis for their formation is proteolysis, a naturally occurring process in ensiling consisting in the enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids by the action of plant proteases and peptidases along with enzymes of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), clostridia and other bacterial genera [4]. High-quality feedstuffs and proper nutrition are important for all categories of livestock [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Open Life Sci. 2016; 11: 280-286 acetic acid (−46%), ammonium (−59%), ash (−13%) and fat (−24%). Populations of bacteria associated with lactic acid fermentation, moulds, yeasts, enterobacteria and total microorganisms count were also influenced. Both biological and chemical additives can be highly recommended for producing high-quality silages meeting hygienic requirements. In lucerne silage, the chemical preservative showed a stronger effect in achieving the health safety of silage compared to the biological inoculant.Keywords: health safety, silage additives, microorganisms IntroductionBiogenic amines comprise a group of aliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic bases derived from amino acids. Biogenic amines are present in all feeds that contain proteins or free amino acids, and they also exist in fermentative feeds [1][2][3]. The concentration of biogenic amines (mono-, di-and polyamines) in silage and in the rumen, body tissues and body fluids mainly depends upon the crop at harvest, the ensiling process, the silage and the digestion in the animal. Both the synthesis and chemical structures of mono-and diamines are well documented. The basis for their formation is proteolysis, a naturally occurring process in ensiling consisting in the enzymatic decarboxylation of amino acids by the action of plant proteases and peptidases along with enzymes of various lactic acid bacteria (LAB), clostridia and other bacterial genera [4]. High-quality feedstuffs and proper nutrition are important for all categories of livestock [1][2][3]. High levels of biogenic amines are frequently observed in silages prepared from high-protein forages (lucerne, clover, certain grass species). Some biogenic amines have significant biological characteristics, as they are, for example, tissue hormones (histamine), protoalkaloids (hordenine, gramine) and building DOI 10.1515DOI 10. /biol-2016 Received August 17, 2016; accepted September 21, 2016 Abstract: This experiment examined the influence of two different silage additives of biological (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium, enzyme xylanase) and chemical (43% formic acid, 30% ammonium formate, 10% propionic acid, 2% benzoic acid) types on biogenic amines concentration, nutrient content, fermentation process, and microbiologic indicators in lucerne (Medicago sativa) silage after 90 days of fermentation. The biological additive significantly (P < 0.05) increased putrescine (+51%), lactic acid (+11%) and protein content (+11%) in comparison with control silage. It significantly decreased cadaverine (−29%), histamine (−57%), spermidine (−15%), spermine (−55%), acetic acid (−40%), ethanol (−55%), ammonium (−25%) and ash (−9%). After the chemical-additive treatment, greater amounts of histamine and tyramine were recorded. Significant decrease was observed in the concentrations of putrescine (−18%), cadaverine (−55%), spermidine (−47%), spermine (−45%), lactic acid (−16%),

show abstract

Section: Conflict Of Interestsupporting

confidence: 71%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conflict Of Interestmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…When present, groups of microorganisms such as clostridia and enterobacteria affect conservation efficiency, using carbohydrates and proteins, or even the lactic acid present in the silages as a substrate for their growth, increasing DM and nutrient losses (Muck, ). Furthermore, the presence of butyric acid and ammonia has been negatively correlated with DM intake by animals (Gerlach, Roß, Weiß, Büscher, & Südeku, ; Scherer, Gerlach, & Sudekun, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small‐scale dairy farms

Gusmão

Danes

Casagrande

et al. 2018

Grass and Forage Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Alternatives need to be addressed for reducing losses in elephant grass (EG; Pennisetum purpureum) silages. Furthermore, smallholders lack information on the nutritional aspects of dairy farms. The aim of this study was to evaluate total mixed ration silage (TMR) combining fresh EG and concentrate ingredients, creating the following treatments: (i) EG silage (control); (ii) EG, corn and soya bean meal; (iii) EG, corn, soya bean meal and molasses; (iv) EG, citrus pulp and soya bean meal; and (v) EG, citrus pulp, soya bean meal and molasses. Five replicates of each treatment were ensiled in 15‐L plastic jars. The fermentation profile, chemical composition, microbial counts and aerobic stability were assessed. Three contrasts were tested, as follows: (i) control vs. TMR; (ii) TMR with corn vs. TMR with citrus pulp; and (iii) TMR with molasses vs. TMR without molasses. Variables were analysed through the PROC MIXED procedure of the SAS at the 5% level. The TMR had better fermentation profile, lower effluent production and longer aerobic stability compared to control. When the effect of corn was compared to citrus pulp among the TMR, silages with citrus pulp showed lower fermentation losses, non‐protein nitrogen and effluent production. The aerobic stability also improved with citrus pulp. Molasses did not affect the fermentation profile. Overall, lactic acid was the primary acid in all TMR. Nitrogen source (e.g., soya bean meal) can be used without compromising the fermentation process. TMR with citrus pulp showed better results than corn. TMR may be an alternative to optimize the use of EG on smallholdings.

show abstract

Effect of electro‐stimulated Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling quality, anti‐nutrients, and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage

Yang,

Zou,

Zhai

et al. 2024

J Sci Food Agric

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUNDThere are few studies on the effects of electrically stimulated bacteria on anti‐nutritional factors and microbial communities in mulberry leaf silage. This study aimed to examine the impact of the combined use of electrically stimulated Bacillus subtilis (EB) and Lactobacillus casei (LC) on the quality and degradation of anti‐nutritional factors in mulberry leaf silage.RESULTSThe results revealed that the synergistic effect of EB and LC significantly enhanced the nutritional value of mulberry leaves, as evidenced by the promotion of lactic acid synthesis, the reduction of anti‐nutritional factors, and the augmentation of lactic acid bacteria following a 60‐day silage period. Moreover, the EB + LC co‐inoculation resulted in the highest quality of mulberry leaf silage, with the degradation rates of tannin and phytic acid at 38.8% and 47.1%, respectively. The combination of EB + LC also enhanced lactic acid content, along with significant reductions in ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N), soluble protein, and non‐protein nitrogen (NPN) (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that Lactobacillus in the silage was significantly positively correlated with crude protein (CP) and lactic acid, while negatively correlated with water‐soluble carbohydrates, pH and NPN (P < 0.05). In contrast, Weissella was significantly negatively correlated with CP and lactic acid.CONCLUSIONThis study represents a pioneering application of electro‐stimulation in the field of feed silage, offering a scientifically substantiated approach to degrading anti‐nutritional factors in mulberry leaves for livestock feeding. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

show abstract

Biogenic amines and gamma-amino butyric acid in silages: Formation, occurrence and influence on dry matter intake and ruminant production

Cited by 63 publications

References 72 publications

Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage

Biogenic amines and hygienic quality of lucerne silage

Total mixed ration silage containing elephant grass for small‐scale dairy farms

Effect of electro‐stimulated Bacillus subtilis and Lactobacillus casei on ensiling quality, anti‐nutrients, and bacterial community of mulberry leaf silage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About