Biogenic synthesis enhanced structural, morphological, magnetic and optical properties of zinc ferrite nanoparticles for moderate hyperthermia applications
“… 44 Inhomogeneous tensile microstrain decreases with an increase in temperature because surface effects dominate due to smaller particle size and larger surface area. 33 The values of microstrain reported here are in relative agreement with the literature, 31 33 36 as the reducing agents and the calcination temperatures of the ZF nanoparticles were different. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
“… 30 ZF nanoparticles with crystallite size of 11–15 nm used for hyperthermia applications were prepared using magnetically stirred homogeneous extract of Allium cepa mixed with zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O] and iron nitrate nonahydrate [Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O] and calcined at 900°C. 31 The average size of the ZF nanoparticles was found to increase with the increase in the calcination temperature from 400 to 900°C. 32 The particle size of ZF nanoparticles was found to increase with a reduction of microstrain of ZF nanoparticles at 300°C, 500°C 33 and 900°C 34 estimated by the Debye–Scherrer and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot methods.…”
We report herein the synthesis of ZnFe
2
O
4
(ZF) nanoparticles via a simple and eco-friendly green route using lemon juice as a reducing agent and fuel. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the particle size and bandgap of grown ZF nanoparticles was investigated. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (S-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), respectively. S-XRD confirmed a spinel F-d3m phase in all four samples calcined at 350°C, 550°C, 750°C and 1000°C. The crystallite size calculated from the Debye–Scherrer equation showed an increase from 14 nm to 20 nm with the increase in calcination temperature. Williamson–Hall (W-H) analysis revealed an increase in the particle size from 16 nm to 21 nm and a decrease in the lattice microstrain from 0.913 × 10
−3
to 0.154 × 10
−4
with the increase in calcination temperature. The optical bandgap of the ZF nanoparticles obtained from UV-Vis-DRS decreased from 2.265 eV to 2.225 eV with the increase in calcination temperature. The ZF nanoparticles with tunable particle size, lattice microstrain and optical bandgap have potential application in ferrofluid, electromagnetic shielding, photocatalysis, hyperthermia, dye degradation and other areas.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11664-022-09813-2.
“… 44 Inhomogeneous tensile microstrain decreases with an increase in temperature because surface effects dominate due to smaller particle size and larger surface area. 33 The values of microstrain reported here are in relative agreement with the literature, 31 33 36 as the reducing agents and the calcination temperatures of the ZF nanoparticles were different. Fig.…”
Section: Resultssupporting
confidence: 89%
“… 30 ZF nanoparticles with crystallite size of 11–15 nm used for hyperthermia applications were prepared using magnetically stirred homogeneous extract of Allium cepa mixed with zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO 3 ) 2 .6H 2 O] and iron nitrate nonahydrate [Fe(NO 3 ) 3 .9H 2 O] and calcined at 900°C. 31 The average size of the ZF nanoparticles was found to increase with the increase in the calcination temperature from 400 to 900°C. 32 The particle size of ZF nanoparticles was found to increase with a reduction of microstrain of ZF nanoparticles at 300°C, 500°C 33 and 900°C 34 estimated by the Debye–Scherrer and Williamson-Hall (W-H) plot methods.…”
We report herein the synthesis of ZnFe
2
O
4
(ZF) nanoparticles via a simple and eco-friendly green route using lemon juice as a reducing agent and fuel. The effect of different calcination temperatures on the particle size and bandgap of grown ZF nanoparticles was investigated. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated using synchrotron x-ray diffraction (S-XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-Vis-DRS), respectively. S-XRD confirmed a spinel F-d3m phase in all four samples calcined at 350°C, 550°C, 750°C and 1000°C. The crystallite size calculated from the Debye–Scherrer equation showed an increase from 14 nm to 20 nm with the increase in calcination temperature. Williamson–Hall (W-H) analysis revealed an increase in the particle size from 16 nm to 21 nm and a decrease in the lattice microstrain from 0.913 × 10
−3
to 0.154 × 10
−4
with the increase in calcination temperature. The optical bandgap of the ZF nanoparticles obtained from UV-Vis-DRS decreased from 2.265 eV to 2.225 eV with the increase in calcination temperature. The ZF nanoparticles with tunable particle size, lattice microstrain and optical bandgap have potential application in ferrofluid, electromagnetic shielding, photocatalysis, hyperthermia, dye degradation and other areas.
Supplementary Information
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11664-022-09813-2.
“…Biosynthesis of nanoparticles by microorganisms is a non-toxic and eco-friendly method (Srivastava et al 2014 ). Biosynthesized nanoparticles by prokaryotes have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field because of their biocompatibility, nontoxicity ( Abdullaeva 2017 ), and antimicrobial nature (Aisida et al 2021c , d , e ) . Depending on microorganisms' metabolic activity and nature, the nanoparticle's biosynthesis can either be an intra- or extracellular process.…”
Haloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm− 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.
“…The biocompatible zinc ferrites nanoparticles are also promising therapeutic agent due to higher SAR values, long term stabilization and moderate curie temperature [68][69][70][71]. Heating efficiencies are also affected by the dipolar interactions which depend upon the intrinsic parameters.…”
Magnetic nanoferrites have shown immense potential in the biomedical applications due to its ability to precisely control the behavior by application of external magnetic field. Superior magnetic properties of ferrites make them promising nanoagents in various applications like targeted drug delivery, magnetic separation, biosensors, MRI, antimicrobial agents and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). The challenge is to maintain the high magnetization which decreases when size is reduced to nanoscale, hence the engineering of these nanoferrites is of prime importance, where selection of appropriate synthesis method plays very important role. Hence the parameters like morphology, biocompatibility, chemical and physical properties affect the efficiency of nanoferrites in biomedical applications.
IntroductionNanoferrites have numerous biomedical applications due to their size comparable to biological molecules and excellent magnetic properties, which are prerequisites for all biomedical applications. Due to the transparency of biological tissues to magnetic field, various properties can be tuned when nanoferrites interacts with magnetic field. These unique properties of magnetic nanoferrites along with the stability, sensitivity and easy functionalization makes them the future biomedical materials in numerous applications like targeted biosensors, drug delivery, MRI imaging, magnetic separation, antimicrobial agents, magnetic hyperthermia, detoxification, photoablation therapy [1,2]. The magnetic characteristics of ferrite nanoparticles strongly affect its performance in biomedical applications. For example, saturation magnetization is Sarveena (B)
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