Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Haloferax sp. NRS1: image analysis, characterization, in vitro thrombolysis and cytotoxicity

Abstract

Haloferax sp strain NRS1 (MT967913) was isolated from a solar saltern on the southern coast of the Red Sea, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The present study was designed for estimate the potential capacity of the Haloferax sp strain NRS1 to synthesize (silver nanoparticles) AgNPs. Biological activities such as thrombolysis and cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs were evaluated. The characterization of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized by Haloferax sp (Hfx-AgNPs) was analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The dark brown color of the Hfx-AgNPs colloidal showed maximum absorbance at 458 nm. TEM image analysis revealed that the shape of the Hfx-AgNPs was spherical and a size range was 5.77- 73.14 nm. The XRD spectra showed a crystallographic plane of silver nanoparticles, with a crystalline size of 29.28 nm. The prominent FTIR peaks obtained at 3281, 1644 and 1250 cm− 1 identified the Functional groups involved in the reduction of silver ion reduction to AgNPs. Zeta potential results revealed a negative surface charge and stability of Hfx-AgNPs. Colloidal solution of Hfx-AgNPs with concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 100 μg/mL was used to determine its hemolytic activity. Less than 12.5 μg/mL of tested agent showed no hemolysis with high significant decrease compared with positive control, which confirms that Hfx-AgNPs are considered non-hemolytic (non-toxic) agents according to the ISO/TR 7405-1984(f) protocol. Thrombolysis activity of Hfx-AgNPs was observed in a concentration-dependent manner. Further, Hfx-AgNPs may be considered a promising lead compound for the pharmacological industry.

Fatty acid-based polymeric micelles to ameliorate amyloidogenic disorders

“…Samples having hemolytic values between 5% and 10% are considered slightly hemolytic while those with values higher than 10% are highly hemolytic. 47,48 In our case, FABC micelles did not show any toxic effect (hemolytic rate <1%), which signifies good blood compatibility of the polymeric micelles, and therefore these polymers can be further used for clinical applications. 49…”

Characterization of Mn3O4‐MnO2 nanocomposites biosynthesized by cell lysate of Haloferax alexandrinus GUSF‐1

“…FTIR of cell lysate‐nanomaterial suggested the hypothesized role of haloarchaeal proteins, like redox enzymes or reductases that may be involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles as previously reported [32–36, 48]. We thus concluded that these functional groups associated with nanomaterial were from the biomolecules present in the cell lysate and which also play the role of capping agents and help in preventing steric aggregation.…”

“…Recently, the biogenic formation of metallic nanoparticles by the genus Haloferax from the domain archaea has been reported. The green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (silver and gold) by Haloferax volcanii [32] and Haloferax sp strain NRS1 [33] are documented. Additionally, reports of the biogenic formation of nanomaterial using cell lysate and whole cells of Haloferax alexandrinus (KF796625) are available for the formation of silver, selenium, and tellurium nanoparticles [34][35][36].…”

Bioactive molecules from haloarchaea: Scope and prospects for industrial and therapeutic applications

“…The biogenic silver NPs showed non-hemolytic activity below 12.5 µg/ml concentration suggesting their thrombolysis property. The non-toxic/hemolytic property of synthesized NPs potentiates their application as nano drug carriers (Tag et al, 2021).…”