Bioinsecticide Production from Cigarette Wastes

Abstract

Tobacco, one of the most significant nonfood crops, is critical to agriculture worldwide. The tobacco processing business creates a significant amount of hazardous tobacco waste containing nicotine, and only a tiny portion of it gets recycled. Nicotine, the primary component of tobacco products such as cigarettes, is an alkaloid and can be used as an insecticide. This research aims to extract nicotine from discarded cigarette butts and utilize it as an insecticide. Extraction, emulsification, and efficiency testing on cabbage aphids are all part of the procedure. The initial extraction tests used a solvent combination of ethanol and methanol in various ratios, with a 3 : 1 ratio yielding the best results. Temperature (30–60°C), extraction length (4–6 hrs), and sodium hydroxide concentration (1–3 M) are the independent variables studied for extraction parameters, and the optimal conditions are determined using Design-Expert, response surface approach central composite design (RSM-CCD). In addition, artificial neural network (ANN) studies with MATLAB were used to accurately forecast extraction yield. The extracted product was evaluated using a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and a UV/visible spectrophotometer. The ideal crude extract yield and nicotine content were 17.75 and 3.26%, respectively, at the optimal conditions of temperature 60°C, time 4 hrs, and NaOH concentration 2.83 M with desirability of 0.832. The nicotine extracted was emulsified by combining the crude extract with a combination of palm oil and surfactants. Density, viscosity, pH, flash point, and surface tension of the emulsified concentration were measured and reported as 1.01 ± 0.01 g/ml, 585.33 ± 2.52 mPa s, 9.37 ± 0.03, 87.96 C, and 34.10 mN/m, respectively. On the cabbage aphid, the emulsified concentrated extract performed best at a ratio of 1 : 100 (emulsified concentrated to solvent).

Use of Nicotiana sylvestris (Speg. and Comes) in Field Control of Locust on African Basil

“…In fact, nicotine was one of the first substances reported as a plant-derived agricultural insecticides. For the protection of crops and general well-being, it is viewed as a potential substitute for conventional insecticides 22 .…”

Impact of composting conditions on the nicotine degradation rate using nicotinophilic bacteria from tobacco waste

“…The appropriate moisture content percent for efficient organic matter decomposition has been estimated between 40 and 65% (Ahmed et al 2019). Nevertheless, several organic substrates have different moisture percentages; Gudeta et al (2021) reported the low moisture content in TW. In this research, water content was within 35.2 and 60.2%, which is appropriate for microbial activity.…”

Extraction of Catechins from Aegle marmelos Fruit Pulp: Statistical Optimization Using Response Surface Methodology and Artificial Neural Networks

“…e ANN model is capable of learning the pattern of the underlying process from prior data and generalizing the acquired information (or the complex mathematical relationship between input and output data). e ANN model is comprised of three distinct layers of input, hidden, and output layers known as neurons, which may be used to predict the connection between input and output layers [17]. All of the data are randomly divided into three categories: training (70%), testing (15%), and validation (15%).…”