“…Adhesive hydrogels have huge potential in a variety of areas, including bio-medical care and electronic skins ( Gan et al., 2019a , 2019b ; Liao et al., 2019 ; Lei et al., 2017 ; Ma et al., 2019 ; Wang et al., 2018 ; Wirthl et al., 2017 ; Li et al., 2018 ; Xu et al., 2019 ). Different design strategies, including those based on two-layer adhesive surface-dissipative matrices ( Chen et al., 2015 ; Wu et al., 2018 ; Yang et al., 2016 ; Zhang et al., 2016 ), nucleobase tackifying ( Gao et al., 2019 ; Liu et al., 2017 , 2019a , 2019b ), and well-patterned structures ( Jin et al., 2017 ; Mredha et al., 2018 ; Zhao et al., 2017 ) have been used to develop adhesive hydrogels. Recently, mussel-inspired polydopamine-based adhesive hydrogels have been shown to have especially good performance because of their strong cohesive and adsorptive properties ( Gao et al., 2013 ; Han et al., 2017a , 2017b , 2017c ; Tang et al., 2019 ).…”