Bioionic Liquid Conjugation as Universal Approach To Engineer Hemostatic Bioadhesives

Abstract

Adhesion to wet and dynamic surfaces is vital for many biomedical applications. However, the development of effective tissue adhesives has been challenged by the required combination of properties, which includes mechanical similarity to the native tissue, high adhesion to wet surfaces, hemostatic properties, biodegradability, high biocompatibility, and ease of use. In this study, we report a novel bioinspired design with bioionic liquid (BIL) conjugated polymers to engineer multifunctional highly sticky, biodegradable, biocompatible, and hemostatic adhesives. Choline-based BIL is a structural precursor of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane. We show that the conjugation of choline molecules to naturally derived polymers (i.e., gelatin) and synthetic polymers (i.e., polyethylene glycol) significantly increases their adhesive strength and hemostatic properties. Synthetic or natural polymers and BILs were mixed at room temperature and cross-linked via visible light photopolymerization to make hydrogels with tunable mechanical, physical, adhesive, and hemostatic properties. The hydrogel adhesive exhibits a close to 50% decrease in the total blood volume loss in tail cut and liver laceration rat animal models compared to the control. This technology platform for adhesives is expected to have further reaching application vistas from tissue repair to wound dressings and the attachment of flexible electronics.

Tissue-Adhesive Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogel for Cartilage Reconstruction

“…In addition, noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions (π−π interaction), cation−π interactions, and electrostatic interactions possibly occur between catechol groups and tissue surfaces (proteins, peptides, and lipids on cell membrane and extracellular matrices, etc. ), 59,60 which may contribute to further increasing adhesion of the CS-CA hydrogel to the tissue surface. As shown in Figure 2b, the adhesion strength of the CS hydrogels was evaluated by measuring the detaching force of the CS hydrogels from a porcine cartilage tissue using the tack test method.…”

“…In addition, noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions (π–π interaction), cation−π interactions, and electrostatic interactions possibly occur between catechol groups and tissue surfaces (proteins, peptides, and lipids on cell membrane and extracellular matrices, etc. ), , which may contribute to further increasing adhesion of the CS-CA hydrogel to the tissue surface.…”

Recent Advances of Biomedical Materials for Prevention of Post-ESD Esophageal Stricture

“…The active ester of succinimidyl succinate on the polymer chain reacted with the amino group on tissues and made the hydrogel attach to the skin. Some other adhesion mechanisms such as topological adhesion and electrostatic interaction also have a good adhesion effect, though the preparation process should be further improved to avoid toxicity ( Cho et al, 2019 ; Krishnadoss et al, 2019 ). Khalil et al (2020 ) prepared an antibacterial adhesive hydrogel loaded with micelles containing ciprofloxacin (CPX) for the treatment of corneal injuries with risk of infection.…”

Enzyme Catalyzed Hydrogel as Versatile Bioadhesive for Tissue Wound Hemostasis, Bonding, and Continuous Repair

“…Although these bioadhesives have been reported or introduced in the market, major defects of the currently available commercial tissue adhesives are its lack of adequate flexibility, biocompatibility, and adhesion strength. , For example, cyanoacrylate has high adhesion strength, but it also shows obvious cytotoxicity and rigidity. Fibrin sealant is as flexible as soft tissue, but its adhesion is weak . Additionally, it is crucial that the adhesive can sustain wound healing, avoiding inconvenient and continuous care of the wound, such as removing tissue adhesive and replacing medicine. − Therefore, it is urgent to develop an advanced versatile bioadhesive to meet the above requirements.…”

“…Fibrin sealant is as flexible as soft tissue, but its adhesion is weak. 17 Additionally, it is crucial that the adhesive can sustain wound healing, avoiding inconvenient and continuous care of the wound, such as removing tissue adhesive and replacing medicine. 18−20 Therefore, it is urgent to develop an advanced versatile bioadhesive to meet the above requirements.…”